Citation: VAN RISTELL, J. ... et al., 2013. Quantifying the transport-related impacts of parental school choice in England. Transportation, 40 (1)
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ABSTRACTSchool travel is becoming increasingly car-based and this is leading to many environmental and health implications for children all over the world. One of several reasons for this, is that journey to school distances have increased over time, a trend that has been reinforced in some countries by the adoption of so-called "school choice" policies, whereby parents can apply on behalf of their child(ren) to attend any school, and not only the school they live closest to. This paper examines the traffic and environmental impacts of the school choice policy in England. It achieves this by analysing School Census data from 2009 from the Department for Education. Multinomial logit modelling and mixed multinomial logit modelling are used to illustrate the current travel behaviour of English children in their journey to school and examine how there can be a significant reduction in vehicle miles travelled, CO 2 emissions and fuel consumption if the "school choice" policy is removed. The results suggest that if all children attended their nearest school, this would result in reductions in their personal mobility, vehicle miles travelled and CO 2 emissions.The model shows that when school choice was replaced by a policy where each child only travelled to their "nearest school" several changes occurred in English school travel. VMT fell by over 3.6 million miles per day. The reduction in vehicle miles travelled could lead to less congestion on the roads during the morning rush hour and less cars driving near school gates. Mode choice changed in the modelled scenario. Car use fell from 32% to 22%. Bus use fell from 12% to 7%, whilst NMT saw a rise of 17%. With more children travelling to school by walking or cycling the current epidemic of childhood obesity could also be reduced through active travel.