Promoting Active Transport in Students’ Travel Behavior: A Case from Yogyakarta (Indonesia)

Abstract

School active commute has decreased in the last few decades. This occurrence resulted not only in increasing congestion and pollution, but also in decreasing children's physical health. This study aims to understand students' travel behavior on school commute by finding the factors influencing travel mode choice. A multinomial logit model was used to explain the students' travel behavior in Yogyakarta, a city which is dominated by motorcyclists. A number of 878 students were selected classifying into children (6-12 years old) and adolescents (13-18 years old). Empirical results showed that distance from home to school is the critical factor in determining active commute. However, factors of age, gender, and characteristics of students' household also play an important role in shaping students' travel behavior. Finally, to revive active commute, several appropriate policies such as bike to school program or synchronization of work and school start/end time were proposed in this study.

Faktor Keengganan Pelajar Bersepeda di Yogyakarta

“…Saat ini, hampir setiap jalan di kota Yogyakarta memiliki lajur sepeda. Pada kenyataannya, ketergantungan terhadap kendaraan bermotor gampang sekali ditemui pada pelajar, baik dikendarai sendiri maupun diantar atau dijemput orang tua sehari-hari (Irawan & Sumi, 2011). Terlebih, sesaat setelah SIM dimiliki, anak remaja usia SMU cenderung mengemudi kendaraan bermotor untuk perjalanan sekolah (Irawan & Sumi, 2011;Pojani, Van Acker, & Pojani, 2018).…”

“…Pada kenyataannya, ketergantungan terhadap kendaraan bermotor gampang sekali ditemui pada pelajar, baik dikendarai sendiri maupun diantar atau dijemput orang tua sehari-hari (Irawan & Sumi, 2011). Terlebih, sesaat setelah SIM dimiliki, anak remaja usia SMU cenderung mengemudi kendaraan bermotor untuk perjalanan sekolah (Irawan & Sumi, 2011;Pojani, Van Acker, & Pojani, 2018). Kebiasaan bersepeda sejak dini dalam bertransportasi penting untuk diciptakan, karena semakin tinggi tingkat pendidikan remaja, ketergantungan kendaraan bermotor di Yogyakarta semakin meningkat pula, walaupun jarak tempuh dapat dicapai dengan berjalan kaki pada radius dibawah 1 km, dan bersepeda dibawah 5 km (Devi, 2017).…”

“…Sesaat kepemilikan SIM, baik SIM C dan SIM A, pelajar cenderung mengendarai sepeda motor (N=52, atau 22.97 %), namun tampaknya pelajar melakukan pelanggaran dalam syarat dasar ketentuan mengemudi yaitu kepemilikan SIM, dimana hanya 21 pelajar yang memiliki SIM C. Hal tersebut juga mengungkapkan orang tua cenderung menutup mata terhadap pelanggaran tersebut, dan mendorong pelajar untuk menggunakan kendaraan bermotor, walaupun dimungkinkan pelajar tersebut telah berusia ≥ 16 tahun (30.24 %). Ketergantungan ini masih sejalan dengan Irawan & Sumi, (2011), serta persepsi niat remaja untuk mengendarai kendaraan bermotor sebagaimana temuan dari Pojani et al, (2018) setelah mereka memenuhi persyaratan mengemudi. Program ataupun kampanye tertib berlalu lintas dipandang perlu dilakukan segera, tidak hanya kepada siwa tetapi juga kepada para orang tua juga.…”

Factors Influencing Students’ Readiness for Outsourcing Their Logistics

“…The majority of studies of the travel behaviour of youth are focused on analysing their choice of the transportation mode for a certain purpose -e.g., going to school (Evenson et al 2003;Hume et al 2009; Irawan, Sumi 2011) -or relating to various factors such as gender, age, parents' income, etc. (Vovsha, Petersen 2005;McMillan 2007;Irawan, Sumi, 2011). A few authors focus their research on the student population (Kerr et al 2010;Irawan, Sumi 2011;Kamruzzaman et al 2011;Khattak et al 2011;Wang et al 2012) as this segment involves a variety of daily as well as yearly instances of movement using various transportation modes (Jacobucci 2002), so from the logistics viewpoint students may be treated as a potential segment that would, considering eventual fares allowances, use more permanent modes of transportation (Jacobucci 2002); promote active transportation facilitating better physical health (Irawan, Sumi 2011); and influence tourism development planning (Xu et al 2009), etc.…”

“…(Vovsha, Petersen 2005;McMillan 2007;Irawan, Sumi, 2011). A few authors focus their research on the student population (Kerr et al 2010;Irawan, Sumi 2011;Kamruzzaman et al 2011;Khattak et al 2011;Wang et al 2012) as this segment involves a variety of daily as well as yearly instances of movement using various transportation modes (Jacobucci 2002), so from the logistics viewpoint students may be treated as a potential segment that would, considering eventual fares allowances, use more permanent modes of transportation (Jacobucci 2002); promote active transportation facilitating better physical health (Irawan, Sumi 2011); and influence tourism development planning (Xu et al 2009), etc. The student population is worth consideration with a view toward future transportation planning as well as development and formation of logistics services meeting the requirements of the specific consumer.…”