“…2 In Detroit 3 automobile firms one may still refer to a standard employment relationship, at least until the period in question, given regulated internal labor markets, implicit promise of promotion and job security. In the U.S. bipartite, company-based collective bargaining and revenue redistribution model, where the state normally plays an indirect and minimalist role (Kesselman, 2007), we contend that the United Auto Workers Union (UAW) itself, given its negotiating force and traditional inter-generational solidarity, is a component of the standard employment relationship. Thus in the era of globalization, the union incorporates its major contradictions.…”