Traumatic skull fractures in dogs and cats: A comparative analysis of neurological and computed tomographic features

Abstract

Background: Traumatic skull fractures (TSF) are relatively frequent in dogs and cats, but little information is available regarding their clinical and imaging features. Hypothesis/Objectives: To describe the neurological and computed tomographic (CT) features of a large cohort of dogs and cats with TSF. Animals: Ninety-one dogs and 95 cats with TSF identified on CT. Methods: Multicenter retrospective comparative study. Signalment, cause of trauma, fracture locations and characteristics, presence of neurological deficits, and 1-week survival were recorded. Fractures were classified according to the extent of fragmentation and displacement. Results: The cranial vault was affected more frequently in dogs (P = .003), whereas the face and base of the cranium more often was affected in cats (P < .001). Cats presented with multiple fractures more frequently (P < .001). All animals with TSF in the cranial vault were more likely to develop neurological signs (P = .02), especially when depressed fractures were present (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.7-8.2; P = .001). Animals with TSF located only in the facial region were less likely to have neurological signs (odds ratio with Mantel-Haenszel's method [OR MH ], 0.2; 95% CI, 0.1-0.6; P = .004). Most affected animals (84.9%) survived the first week post-trauma.

Estudo retrospectivo da rotina de diagnóstico por imagem com ênfase em felinos

“…Quanto à idade, os pacientes de 1 a 5 anos foram os que mais realizaram exames tomográficos no DF, o que também é observado em estudos de intercorrências agudas, como fraturas traumáticas, as quais animais jovens são mais suscetíveis (AMENGUAL-BATLE et al, 2020), seguido dos pacientes de 10 a 15 anos, que são mais predispostos a enfermidades crônicas como neoplasias pulmonares e cistos tireoidianos (NUNLEY et al, 2015;MILLER et al, 2017).…”

Kraniomaxillofaziales Trauma bei der Katze

“…Mit einer korrekten und zeitnahen Versorgung des kraniomaxillofazialen Traumas ist die Prognose günstig, auch wenn das Neurokranium einbezogen ist 5 , 15 , 16 . Obwohl sich die Katzen scheinbar von dieser Art des Traumas gut erholen, gibt es keine spezifischen Studien zur Wiederherstellung der verschiedenen Funktionseinheiten.…”

“…Weniger häufig handelt es sich um intraartikuläre Frakturen der Fossa mandibularis gehörend zum Os temporale. Sobald die Katze stabil und narkosefähig ist, sollte eine Computertomografie (CT) des Schädels durchgeführt werden [5].…”

Application of a bilateral temporal fascia free graft in a dog with multifragmented frontal sinus and nasal bone fracture

“…Traumatic skull fractures in dogs are mostly secondary to road traffic accidents, wild animal attacks, dog fights, or animal kicks and bites 1 . Facial fracture combined with a cranial vault (frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, or ethmoidal bone) fracture represents approximately 33% of all fractures of the skull and is the most common type of fracture encountered in dogs with a skull fracture 1,2 . Surgical reconstruction is the treatment of choice to restore an esthetic shape to the face 3 .…”

“…1 Facial fracture combined with a cranial vault (frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, or ethmoidal bone) fracture represents approximately 33% of all fractures of the skull and is the most common type of fracture encountered in dogs with a skull fracture. 1,2 Surgical reconstruction is the treatment of choice to restore an esthetic shape to the face. 3 Inappropriate medical treatment can lead to several complications, including recurrent sinusitis, mucocele, mucopyocele, osteomyelitis, emphysema, obstruction of the drainage system, and malposition of the fracture fragments leading to subsequent distortion of the overlying soft tissue.…”