Trauma exposure and post‐traumatic stress disorder in the general population

Frans, Örjan; Rimmö, Per-Arne; Åberg, Lars; Fredrikson, Mats

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.2004.00463.x

Cited by 460 publications

(402 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…The prevalence of current PTSD in the Netherlands equals prevalence rates in the United States (3.5%; Kessler et al, 2005). Besides, consistent with previous epidemiological studies conducted in the United States (Breslau et al, 1998;Kessler et al, 1995Kessler et al, , 2005Resnick et al, 1993), Australia (Creamer, Burgess, & McFarlane, 2001), and Europe (Alonso et al, 2004;Frans et al, 2005;Perkonigg et al, 2000), the present study found high levels of PTSD after sexual and physical assault. Likewise, two studies that used the same measurement for stressful events show amazingly similar results in terms of occurrence (e.g., rank ordering of these events; Creamer et al, 2001;Kessler et al, 1995).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…This manuscript was produced in close collaboration with the Centre for Psychological Trauma, Academic Medical Centre/De Meren, Department of Psychiatry, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands. (1%) PTSD prevalence rates in Europe are lower than PTSD prevalence in the American studies (Alonso et al, 2004;Frans, Rimmo, Aberg, & Fredrikson, 2005;Perkonigg, Kessler, Storz, & Wittchen, 2000). However, findings across studies are hard to compare.…”

Section: In This Study the Lifetime Prevalence Of Stressful Events Amentioning

confidence: 93%

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A community‐based survey of posttraumatic stress disorder in the Netherlands

Bronner

Peek

Vries³

et al. 2009

Journal of Traumatic Stress

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In this study, the lifetime prevalence of stressful events and current posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) Epidemiological studies on posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in the United States show a lifetime prevalence rate of 5-10% and a current prevalence of 1-5% in adult populations (Breslau et al., 1998;Kessler, Chiu, Demler, Merikangas, & Walters, 2005;Kessler, Sonnega, Bromet, Hughes, & Nelson, 1995;Resnick, Kilpatrick, Dansky, Saunders, & Best, 1993). Large national surveys are relatively scarce, and only a few studies describe prevalence rates of PTSD in Europe. Lifetime (2-6%) and currentThe authors wish to thank TNS NIPO and especially Ralitza ILieva for data collection and data entry. Furthermore, we would like to acknowledge Anne Bakker, Janneke Hatzmann, and Sjoerd Lagarde for their support with preparation of the manuscript. A special thanks to Miranda Olff and Giel-Jan de Vries for their advice and expertise. This manuscript was produced in close collaboration with the Centre for Psychological Trauma,

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: In This Study the Lifetime Prevalence Of Stressful Events Amentioning

confidence: 93%

A community‐based survey of posttraumatic stress disorder in the Netherlands

Bronner

Peek

Vries³

et al. 2009

Journal of Traumatic Stress

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“…A majority of individuals will experience a potentially traumatic event during their lifetime (Frans, Rimmö, Aberg, & Fredrikson, 2005). For some individuals, these experiences are associated with the development of mental health problems such as depression (Mandelli, Petrelli, & Serretti, 2015), substance abuse and stress-related disorders such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD; Arnberg, Bergh Johannesson, & Michel, 2013; Arnberg et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A pilot study of user satisfaction and perceived helpfulness of the Swedish version of the mobile app PTSD Coach

Cernvall

Sveen

Johannesson

et al. 2018

European Journal of Psychotraumatology

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Background: There is a need for accessible interventions in the aftermath of traumatic events with documented efficacy for preventing or reducing negative mental health consequences. The PTSD Coach is a mobile app that has shown to be effective in reducing symptoms of posttraumatic stress (PTSS). Objective: The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the user satisfaction, perceived helpfulness and potential reductions of PTSS and symptoms of depression among participants using the Swedish version of the PTSD Coach. Method: This was an uncontrolled pre-test post-test open trial including participants recruited from the community via advertisement and from an ongoing observational study who had experienced a potentially traumatic event in the last five years. Participants had access to the Swedish PTSD Coach app for four weeks. Results: Eleven participants (mean age = 38.6, female = 8) completed the study. Nine of the participants met criteria for full or partial PTSD. Results from the PTSD Coach Survey indicated that participants found the app slightly to moderately helpful and were slightly to moderately satisfied with the app. Nominal but not statistically significant reductions of medium effect sizes in PTSS (PCL-5) and depression (PHQ-9) from pre- to post-assessment were found. In interviews, participants indicated that they found elements such as learning about PTSD, breathing exercises and monitoring symptoms helpful in managing symptoms. However, several participants indicated that they had not used the app as much as they had intended to. Participants also had suggestions for improvements such as enhanced app structure and better guidance regarding how to use the app. Conclusions: The perceived helpfulness and user satisfaction were slightly lower compared to research on the original version of the app. Experiences from the study are discussed and a future controlled study of the Swedish version of the PTSD Coach is suggested.

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“…The second study did not account for trauma type . Trauma type is likely to play a confounding role in the relationship between child cognitive ability with PTSD risk, as measures of cognitive and scholastic ability have been found to predict the type of traumas a young person will subsequently experience (Breslau, et al, 2006;Storr, et al, 2007), and specific types of trauma are highly predictive of PTSD outcomes (Breslau, Chilcoat, Kessler, Peterson, & Lucia, 1999;Brewin, Andrews, & Valentine, 2000;Frans, Rimmo, Aberg, & Fredrikson, 2005). Additionally, individuals in this study were classed as trauma exposed only if they had experienced an acute reaction to the trauma (criterion A2).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pre-trauma verbal ability at five years of age and the risk of post-traumatic stress disorder in adult males and females

Betts

Williams

Najman

et al. 2012

Journal of Psychiatric Research

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Pre-trauma verbal ability at five years of age and the risk of post-traumatic stress disorder in adult males and females Abstract word count is 212 words.Main text word count is 4,000 words.There are 4 tables and 1 figure.There is a supplementary section consisting of 91 words and 1 table.Kim S. Betts, MPH, BEd. School of Population Abstract:Previous studies have shown that high cognitive ability, measured in childhood and prior to the experience of traumatic events, is protective of PTSD development. Our aim was to test if the association between pre-trauma verbal ability ascertained at 5 years with DSM-IV lifetime post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) at 21 years was subject to effect modification by gender, trauma type or prior behaviour problems. Using a prospective birth cohort of young Australians, we found that both trauma type and behaviour problems did not change the association between cognitive ability and PTSD. During multivariate analysis, testing for the interactive effect of gender revealed that verbal ability was linearly and inversely associated with PTSD in females only, with those in the lowest verbal ability quintile having strongly increased odds of PTSD (OR = 3.89: 95% CI; 1.50, 10.10) compared with those in the highest quintile. A graph of the interaction revealed lower verbal ability placed females, but not males, at an increased risk of PTSD . Our results indicate that that lower verbal ability in early childhood is a vulnerability factor for PTSD in females but not in males, and suggest that lower verbal ability may constitute a gender-specific risk factor responsible for part of the increased risk of PTSD found in females compared with males.Key words: Post-traumatic stress disorders, cognitive functioning, gender Background:4 This is a post-print version of the following article: Betts, Kim Steven, Williams, Gail M., Najman, Jacob M., Bor, William and Alati, Rosa (2012) Pre-trauma verbal ability at five years of age and the risk of post-traumatic stress disorder in adult males and females. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 46 7: 933-939.Epidemiological research has found an inverse relationship between cognitive ability with morbidity and mortality. Individuals with a lower cognitive ability have an increased risk of a number of conditions in later life including schizophrenia (Zammit et al., 2004), depression, hypertension, lung disease (Der, Batty, & Deary, 2009), increased depression persistence and comorbidity (Koenen, et al., 2009). However, the mechanisms by which cognitive ability may lead to a decline in individual health outcomes over time remains unclear and intercorrelated with a number of environmental and developmental factors. For this reason, even studies which have conducted extensive cognitive testing prior to the onset of poor health (pre-morbid testing) and controlled for important related affects including socioeconomic position (SEP), familial circumstances and indicators of fetal and child development are unable to completely rule out possible residual confoundin...

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Trauma exposure and post‐traumatic stress disorder in the general population

Cited by 460 publications

References 65 publications

A community‐based survey of posttraumatic stress disorder in the Netherlands

A community‐based survey of posttraumatic stress disorder in the Netherlands

A pilot study of user satisfaction and perceived helpfulness of the Swedish version of the mobile app PTSD Coach

Pre-trauma verbal ability at five years of age and the risk of post-traumatic stress disorder in adult males and females

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