Pre-trauma verbal ability at five years of age and the risk of post-traumatic stress disorder in adult males and females

Betts, Kim; Williams, Gail M.; Najman, Jake M.; Bor, William; Alati, Rosa

doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2012.04.002

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Although the causes of variation in (CR-)PTSD prevalence and treatment success remain widely unknown (Acheson et al, 2012), age at which individuals are exposed to trauma is known to influence PTSD aetiology: both in terms of early life stress (Brewin et al, 2000; Vasterling and Brewin, 2005; McGowan and Szyf, 2010) and the development of skills required to both verbalize and spatially contextualize trauma (van der Kolk, 2003; Betts et al, 2012); and with regard to dementia (Duax et al, 2013). …”

Section: Trauma and Treatment Successmentioning

confidence: 99%

PTSD recovery, spatial processing, and the val66met polymorphism

Miller

Wiener

2014

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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Section: Trauma and Treatment Successmentioning

confidence: 99%

PTSD recovery, spatial processing, and the val66met polymorphism

Miller

Wiener

2014

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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“…Because effects of both MeHg and PS have been reported to differ by sex (Betts et al, 2012; Cory-Slechta et al, 2013; Llop et al, 2013; Rossi et al, 1997), effects were examined separately in males and females. Additionally, both a relatively low and higher dose of MeHg were explored in context with PS to provide some dose-effect information.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex-dependent and non-monotonic enhancement and unmasking of methylmercury neurotoxicity by prenatal stress

et al. 2014

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Methylmercury (MeHg) and prenatal stress (PS) are risk factors for neurotoxicity that may co-occur in human populations. Because they also share biological substrates and can produce common behavioral deficits, this study examined their joint effects on behavioral and neurochemical effects in male and female rats. Dams had access to 0, 0.5 or 2.5ppm MeHg chloride drinking water from two weeks prior to breeding through weaning. Half of the dams in each of these treatment groups also underwent PS on gestational days 16–17. This yielded 6 groups/gender: 0-NS, 0-PS, 0.5-NS, 0.5-PS, 2.5-NS, and 2.5-PS. Behavioral testing began in young adulthood and included Fixed Interval (FI) schedule-controlled behavior, novel object recognition (NOR) and locomotor activity, behaviors previously demonstrated to be sensitive to MeHg and/or mediated by brain mesocorticolimbic dopamine glutamate systems targeted by both MeHg and PS. Behavioral deficits were more pronounced in females and included impaired NOR recognition memory only under conditions of combined MeHg and PS, while non-monotonic reductions in FI response rates occurred, with greatest effects at the 0.5ppm concentration; the less reduced 2.5ppm FI response rates were further reduced under conditions of PS (2.5-PS). Correspondingly, many neurochemical changes produced by MeHg were only seen under conditions of PS, particularly in striatum in males and in hippocampus and nucleus accumbens in females, regions of significance to the mediation of FI and NOR performance. Collectively these findings demonstrate sex-dependent and non-monotonic effects of developmental MeHg exposure that can be unmasked or enhanced by PS, particularly for behavioral outcomes in females but for both sexes in neurochemical changes, that were observed at MeHg exposure concentrations that did not influence either reproductive outcomes or maternal behavior. Thus, assessment of risks associated with MeHg may be underestimated in the absence of other extant risk factors with which it may share common substrates and effects.

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“…Intelligence has been linked to multiple childhood outcomes and adversities (13)(14)(15) , including TE (3,6,16,17) . Unexpectedly, we found no association between intelligence and future TE in the YL OC children from Peru and India when analyzed independently or after adjusting for other associated factors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The discrepancies above could be explain by different instruments used on the studies to evaluate intelligence or cognitive ability and different criteria on how TE was assessed. A direct pathway of the interaction between intelligence and future TE in children is not clearly understood yet (3,6,15,63) , as personal, familial, socioeconomic and demographic factors may interact each other causing confusion that cannot be discarded. But, previous research hypothesized that high intellectual quotient might have a direct impact on reducing TE by giving the children the resources to successfully avoid or prevent them (3) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Interestingly, a relationship between intelligence and developing future mental health adversities (13) and psychiatric comorbidity (14) have been established. Also, Betts et al found that an inverse relationship exists between intelligence and future morbidity and mortality (15) . Nevertheless, the relationship between higher intelligence scores in psychometric test and development of TE have been proposed in some literature like Breslau et al (3) but not confirmed in all research (6,16,17) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Associated factors to develop traumatic events in the future: Young Lives analysis

Portella¹

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Introduction: Until now most of the research involving intelligence and associated factors to suffer traumatic events (TE) comes from research done in adults or in children from developed countries, from refugee camps or survivors of a war, terrorism or natural disasters. Much less information is available on longitudinal studies with community-based samples of children from low and middle income countries out of these specific events. Objective: To determine the association between intelligence and other factors to suffer TE in Young Lives (YL) children of two low-middle income countries: India and Peru. Methods: We did a secondary analysis of Young Lives cohort Study which included 1669 children around 8 years old of age from India and Peru. YL uses a clustered-stratified, multistage, random sampling per country. Upon recruitment, children´s intelligence was assessed applying the Raven's Colored Progressive Matrices Test and the child´s caregivers were asked about socio-demographic factors. On follow up, 4 years later the caregivers were asked about the occurrence of TE in their child. Robust Poisson Regression was used for the multivariate analysis. Results: Around 20% of children in the study had suffered TE. Intelligence was not related to suffer future TE. Living on rural areas have 49% more risk of suffering a TE compared to urban locations. Children with history of past TE had 40% more risk of suffering another TE during follow-up. Finally, no association was found between TE and other sociodemographic variables. Conclusions: Intelligence was not an associated factor for future TE on YL children from India and Peru. But living on rural locations and having the history of TE were both risk factors.

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Pre-trauma verbal ability at five years of age and the risk of post-traumatic stress disorder in adult males and females

Cited by 9 publications

References 36 publications

PTSD recovery, spatial processing, and the val66met polymorphism

PTSD recovery, spatial processing, and the val66met polymorphism

Sex-dependent and non-monotonic enhancement and unmasking of methylmercury neurotoxicity by prenatal stress

Associated factors to develop traumatic events in the future: Young Lives analysis

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