Parental drinking was the strongest predictor of different drinking trajectories in adolescence. This finding underscores the importance of comprehensive public heath approaches that target both parental and adolescent drinking attitudes and behaviour.

We found evidence for a prenatal effect, whereby high levels of maternal depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms in early pregnancy uniquely increased the risk of internalizing behavior problems in adolescence.

Contraceptive use, educational factors, depression, and a history of abortion are the highly influential predictors of repeated teenage pregnancy. However, there is a lack of epidemiologic studies in low- and middle-income countries to measure the extent and characteristics of repeated teenage pregnancy across more varied settings.

This paper provides the first evidence that high levels of maternal subjective depressive, anxious, and stress symptoms experienced in early pregnancy may predict internalizing and externalizing behavior problems and depressive symptoms in young adults.

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Polysubstance use profiles exhibiting a broad range of substance use were generally at increased risk of negative drug-related outcomes, whether or not participants were receiving OST, including thrombosis among OST receivers [odds ratio (OR) = 2.13, 95% confidence intervals (CI) = 1.09-4.17], injecting with used needles among OST receivers and non-receivers, respectively (OR = 2.78, 95% CI = 1.50-5.13; OR = 2.15, 95% CI = 1.34-3.45) and violent criminal offences among OST receivers and non-receivers, respectively (OR =2.30, 95% CI = 1.16-4.58; OR = 1.87, 95% CI = 1.14-3.07). An important exception was non-fatal overdose which was related specifically to a class of PWID who were not receiving OST and used morphine frequently (OR = 1.83, 95% CI = 1.06-3.17) CONCLUSION: Regardless of opioid substitution therapies usage, people who inject drugs who use a broad-range of substances experience greater levels of injecting-related injuries and poorer health outcomes and are more likely to engage in criminal activity than other groups of people who inject drugs.

Objectives To investigate screening with the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) as part of Queensland prenatal care services, as well as maternal and socio‐demographic factors associated with not being screened. Design, setting Cross‐sectional retrospective analysis of data from the Queensland population‐based Perinatal Data Collection for July 2015 – December 2015. Participants All women giving birth in Queensland during the second half of 2015. Main outcome measures Screening with the EPDS, with the values “yes” (health professional recorded an EPDS score), “no” (health professional reported it was not performed), and “not stated”. Results Of 30 468 women who gave birth in Queensland, 21 735 (71.3%) completed the EPDS during pregnancy; 18 942 pregnant women were enrolled as public patients (91.0%) and 2762 as private patients (28.8%). After adjusting for other socio‐demographic factors, screening was less likely for women who were aged 36 years or more (v 25 years or younger: adjusted odds ratio [OR], 0.69; 95% CI, 0.60–0.79), enrolled as private patients (aOR, 0.05; 95% CI, 0.05–0.06), born overseas (aOR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.68–0.82), Indigenous Australians (aOR, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.39–0.56), single or separated (aOR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.73–0.94), or of higher socio‐economic status. Conclusions Four years after clinical guidelines recommending universal screening with the EPDS were published, screening rates for private and public health care patients differed markedly. Our results may inform future comparisons and analyses of the impact on screening of recent changes to Medicare definitions intended to increase that of women in private health care.

Mental health disorders are more likely in young adults with polysubstance use disorders than those with alcohol/cannabis use disorders. Predictors of comorbid mental health/polysubstance use disorders differ from those for alcohol/cannabis use disorders, and are detectable during adolescence.