Transversal crack and delamination of laminates using XFEM

Abstract

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A multiscale XFEM approach to investigate the fracture behavior of bio-inspired composite materials

“…4(e). Also in this loading condition, it 15 is possible to notice the fundamental role played by the heterogeneous microstructure in 16 altering the stress field, decreasing the stress concentration at the crack tip. Indeed, in this 17 load case scenario, we can observe a stress concentration in the cement line, which might To provide a further understanding of the role of the cement line in the fracture 1 behavior, we run two additional simulations.…”

“…In the literature, there are many studies investigating the cortical bone fracture 6 toughening mechanisms and seeking possible applications on composite materials [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23]. 7 However, only few of them have manufactured bone-inspired composite materials and 8 successfully implemented some of the characteristic bone toughening mechanisms into the 9 synthetic counterparts [24][25][26][27][28].…”

“…Later on the authors showed some improvements in a new 14 design though [24]. Recent improvements in additive manufacturing have enabled 15 engineers to design and fabricate novel multifunctional composites with innovative 16 properties [27,[29][30][31][32]. However, the sought-after goal of fine-tuning the mechanical 17 properties of composite materials put the needs for accurate and versatile numerical models 18 to be embedded in the design phase.…”

“…1(c). Further simplifications have been introduced to decrease the 16 computational costs: when reproducing the tensile loading configuration, we modeled only 17 a quarter of the repetitive unit cell, taking advantage of the symmetry of the topological 18 structure ( Fig. A.1(a)).…”

“…Other boundary conditions were: symmetry in both the 15 left-hand side and the upper side. To overcome convergence issues, we increased the16 damage stabilization coefficient and the control parameters, allowing a discontinuous 17…”