Transition from Phase Locking to the Interference of Independent Bose Condensates: Theory versus Experiment

Röhrl, A.; Naraschewski, M.; Schenzle, A.; Wallis, H.

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.78.4143

Cited by 118 publications

(96 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…This claim is supported qualitatively by the absorption image in Fig. 1(a) and the observation of high- contrast matter wave interference patterns that penetrated the full atomic density profile with uniform spatial period and no thick central fringe [28], and quantitatively by measurements of the phase evolution (Figs. 3 and 4).…”

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confidence: 55%

Atom Interferometry with Bose-Einstein Condensates in a Double-Well Potential

et al. 2004

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A trapped-atom interferometer was demonstrated using gaseous Bose-Einstein condensates coherently split by deforming an optical single-well potential into a double-well potential. The relative phase between the two condensates was determined from the spatial phase of the matter wave interference pattern formed upon releasing the condensates from the separated potential wells. Coherent phase evolution was observed for condensates held separated by 13 µm for up to 5 ms and was controlled by applying ac Stark shift potentials to either of the two separated condensates.PACS numbers: 03.75. Dg, 39.20.+q, 03.75.Lm Demonstrating atom interferometry with particles confined by magnetic [1,2,3,4] and optical [5] microtraps and waveguides would realize the matter wave analog of optical interferometry using fiber-optic devices. Current proposals for confined-atom interferometers rely on the merger and separation of two potential wells to coherently divide atomic wavepackets [6,7,8]. This type of division differs from previously demonstrated atomic beam splitters. To date, atomic beams and vapors have been coherently diffracted into different momentum states by mechanical [9,10] and optical [11] gratings, and Bose-Einstein condensates have been coherently delocalized over multiple sites in optical lattices [12,13,14,15,16,17]. Atom interferometers utilizing these beam splitting elements have been used to sense accelerations [12,18] and rotations [19,20], monitor quantum decoherence [21], characterize atomic and molecular properties [22], and measure fundamental constants [18,23].In this Letter, we demonstrate a trapped-atom interferometer with gaseous Bose-Einstein condensates confined in an optical double-well potential. Condensates were coherently split by deforming an initially single-well potential into two wells separated by 13 µm. The relative phase between the two condensates was determined from the spatial phase of the matter wave interference pattern formed upon releasing the atoms from the separated potential wells [17,24]. This recombination method avoids deleterious mean field effects [25,26] and detects applied phase shifts on a single realization of the experiment, unlike in-trap recombination schemes [6,7,8].The large separation between the split potential wells allowed the phase of each condensate to evolve independently and either condensate to be addressed individually. An ac Stark phase shift was applied to either condensate by temporarily turning off the optical fields generating its potential well. The spatial phase of the resulting matter wave interference pattern shifted linearly with the applied phase shift and was independent of the time of its application. This verified the phase sensitivity of the interferometer and the independent phase evolution of the separated condensates. The measured coherence time of the separated condensates was 5 ms.The present work demonstrates a trapped-atom interferometer with two interfering paths. This geometry has the flexibility to measure either highly localized...

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confidence: 55%

Atom Interferometry with Bose-Einstein Condensates in a Double-Well Potential

et al. 2004

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“…This difference may come from the expansion of thermal cloud in this experiment [5]. After 40 ms expansion, the numerical result in [16] for two coherently separated condensates also showed that the overall width of the system is about 300 µm.…”

Section: The Evolution Of the Density Expectation Value According To mentioning

confidence: 75%

“…For φ c (r, t) satisfying the GP equation, the nonlinear effects in the interference pattern of two coherently separated subcondensates were investigated in [16,17]. As shown in figure 1(b), if the intensity of the blue-detuned laser beam is sufficiently high so that the tunnelling effect can be omitted, the two condensates can be regarded to be completely independent.…”

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confidence: 99%

Interaction-induced interference for two independent Bose–Einstein condensates

Xiong¹,

Liu²,

Zhan³

2006

New J. Phys.

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After removing the double-well potential trapping two initially independent Bose condensates, the density expectation value is calculated when both the exchange symmetry of identical bosons and interatomic interaction are considered. The density expectation value and evolution equations are obtained based on both the first-quantization and second-quantization methods. When the interatomic interaction is considered carefully, after the overlapping of two initially independent condensates, it is shown that there is a nonzero interference term in the density expectation value. It is found that the calculated density expectation value with this model agrees with the interference pattern observed in the experiment by Andrews et al (Science 275, 637 (1997)). The nonzero interference term in the density expectation value physically arises from the exchange symmetry of identical bosons and interatomic interaction which make two initially independent condensates become coherent after the overlapping. For two initially independent condensates, our researches show that there is an interaction-induced coherence process.

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“…The appearance of the order parameter is a consequence of the macroscopic quantum coherence of BEC, which was demonstrated experimentally [2,3] and explained theoretically [4] with the use of the GP equation (see also the review Ref. [5]).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Energy barrier for collapse in a pair of tunnel-coupled condensates with scattering lengths of opposite signs

Shchesnovich

Cavalcanti

2005

Phys. Rev. A

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We predict the existence of an energy barrier for collapse in a system of two tunnel-coupled repulsive and attractive quasi two-dimensional condensates trapped in a double-well potential.The ground state in such a system can have a lower energy than that of the collapsing state. We find such ground states numerically and analytically determine the domain of their existence, they have a much larger share of atoms confined in the repulsive condensate. The energy barrier for collapse is due to the fact that the energy of the system increases if atoms tunnel from the repulsive condensate to the attractive one.

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Transition from Phase Locking to the Interference of Independent Bose Condensates: Theory versus Experiment

Cited by 118 publications

References 15 publications

Atom Interferometry with Bose-Einstein Condensates in a Double-Well Potential

Atom Interferometry with Bose-Einstein Condensates in a Double-Well Potential

Interaction-induced interference for two independent Bose–Einstein condensates

Energy barrier for collapse in a pair of tunnel-coupled condensates with scattering lengths of opposite signs

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