Transient Focal Ischemia in Subhuman Primates

García, Julio Herrero; Mitchem, H. L.; Briggs, Laura E.; Morawetz, Richard B.; Hudetz, Antal G.; Hazelrig, Jane B.; Halsey, James H.; Conger, K. A.

doi:10.1097/00005072-198301000-00004

Cited by 63 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…SNL is consistently observed in the peri-infarct areas in animal models of focal ischemia, including monkeys [18,23,24,25,26,27]. However, especially in the cortex, there is also evidence of more subtle long-term sequelae of neuronal damage short of actual death after temporary MCA occlusion, such as patchy darkened neurons [26,27,28,29].…”

Section: Selective Neuronal Lossmentioning

confidence: 99%

How Healthy Is the Acutely Reperfused Ischemic Penumbra?

Baron

2005

Cerebrovasc Dis

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Because it is the main determinant of clinical recovery, early reperfusion of the ischemic penumbra has become the mainstay of acute stroke therapy. Although early permanent recanalization can be associated with spectacular and complete recovery, some patients in fact exhibit delayed or incomplete recovery, even despite small infarcts on late structural imaging. This might result from tissue inflammation and selective neuronal death/damage, two probably inter-related cellular events well described in the animal literature, precluding full functional restoration in the salvaged penumbra. However, impact of these processes on recovery may be complex because of the interplay with ongoing plasticity and the possible promoting effect of inflammation on the latter. Preliminary results from imaging studies of inflammation and selective neuronal loss after middle cerebral artery territory stroke, using radioligands of the central benzodiazepine receptor and the activated microglia, respectively, reviewed here, suggest these phenomena also exist in man, although their relationship with acute-stage hypoperfusion and their impact on clinical recovery, if any, remain poorly understood. Furthermore, their inter-relationships in the salvaged penumbra have not been addressed. Better understanding of these potentially harmful processes might help to maximize benefits from thrombolysis, and could also have implications for patients who enjoy spontaneous recanalization.

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Section: Selective Neuronal Lossmentioning

confidence: 99%

How Healthy Is the Acutely Reperfused Ischemic Penumbra?

Baron

2005

Cerebrovasc Dis

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Thrombolysis and Stroke

Sloan¹

1987

Arch Neurol

122

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Platinum‐Loaded Cerium Oxide Capable of Repairing Neuronal Homeostasis for Cerebral Ischemia‐Reperfusion Injury Therapy

Zhang,

Liu,

et al. 2024

Adv Healthcare Materials

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Effective neuroprotective agents are required to prevent neurological damage caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by cerebral ischemia‐reperfusion injury (CIRI) following an acute ischemic stroke. Herein, we aimed to develop the neuroprotective agents of cerium oxide loaded with platinum clusters engineered modifications (Ptn‐CeO2). The density functional theory (DFT) calculations showed that Ptn‐CeO2 could effectively scavenge ROS, including hydroxyl radicals (·OH) and superoxide anions (·O2−). In addition, Ptn‐CeO2 exhibited the superoxide dismutase‐ and catalase‐like enzyme activities, which is capable of scavenging hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The in‐vitro studies showed that Ptn‐CeO2 could adjust the restoration of the mitochondrial metabolism to ROS homeostasis, rebalance cytokines, and featured high biocompatibility. The studies in mice cerebral ischemia‐reperfusion injury (CIRI) demonstrated that Ptn‐CeO2 could also restore cytokine levels, reduce cysteine aspartate‐specific protease (Cleaved Caspase 3) levels, and induce the polarization of microglia to M2‐type macrophages, thus inhibiting the inflammatory responses. As a result, Ptn‐CeO2 inhibited the reperfusion‐induced neuronal apoptosis, relieved the infarct volume, reduced the neurological severity score, and improved cognitive function. Overall, these findings suggest that the prominent neuroprotective effect of the engineered Ptn‐CeO2 has a significant neuroprotective effect and provides a potential therapeutic alternative for CIRI.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

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Transient Focal Ischemia in Subhuman Primates

Cited by 63 publications

References 0 publications

How Healthy Is the Acutely Reperfused Ischemic Penumbra?

How Healthy Is the Acutely Reperfused Ischemic Penumbra?

Thrombolysis and Stroke

Platinum‐Loaded Cerium Oxide Capable of Repairing Neuronal Homeostasis for Cerebral Ischemia‐Reperfusion Injury Therapy

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