Thrombolysis and Stroke

Sloan, Michael A.

doi:10.1001/archneur.1987.00520190052017

Cited by 122 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 210 publications

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“…Regional CBF in the ipsilateral parietal cortex decreased to 23% (P < O.OS) and 17% (P < O.OS) of preembolizatioolevels immediately and persisted for at least Focal cerebral ischemia in mice has been induced ei ther by coagulating (Welsh et aI., 1987) or by mechani cally blocking (Yang et aI., 1994) the middle cerebral artery (MCA). These models are not accessible to fibri nolysis and do not mimic human stroke, as up to 80% of human strokes are caused by thrombosis or embolism (Sloan, 1987;Albers, 1995). In addition, these models show great variability in volume of cerebral infarction between strains (Barone et aI., 1993).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Mouse Model of Embolic Focal Cerebral Ischemia

Zhang¹,

Chopp

Zhang³

et al. 1997

J Cereb Blood Flow Metab

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Summary:We developed a mouse model of embolic focal cerebral ischemia, in which a fibrin-rich clot was placed at the origin of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) in CS7BLl6J mice (n = 31) and B6C3 mice (n = 10). An additional three non emboli zed CS7BLl6J mice were used as a control. Embolus induction, cerebral vascular perfusion deficit, and consequent ischemic cell damage were confirmed by histopathology, im munohistochemistry, laser confocal microscopy, and regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) measurements. Reduction in rCBF and cerebral infarct were not detected in the control animals. An embolus was found in all CS7BLl6J and B6C3 mice at 24 hours after injection of a clot. Regional CBF in the ipsilateral parietal cortex decreased to 23% (P < O.OS) and 17% (P < O.OS) of preembolizatioolevels immediately and persisted for at least Focal cerebral ischemia in mice has been induced ei ther by coagulating (Welsh et aI., 1987) or by mechani cally blocking (Yang et aI., 1994) the middle cerebral artery (MCA). These models are not accessible to fibri nolysis and do not mimic human stroke, as up to 80% of human strokes are caused by thrombosis or embolism (Sloan, 1987;Albers, 1995). In addition, these models show great variability in volume of cerebral infarction between strains (Barone et aI., 1993). With the develop ment of genetically altered mice with targeted mutations leading to gene deficiency in the plasminogen-plasmin system, such as the tissue plasminogen activator knock out mice (Carmeliet et aI., 1994;Carmeliet and Collen, 1995), and with the expected use of antithrombotic Received February 10, 1997; final revision received June 9, 1997; accepted June 10, 1997.This work was supported in part from National Institute of Neuro logical Disorders and Stroke grants PO NS23393, RO I NS33627, and ROI NS34l84.Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. Michael Chopp, Henry Ford Hospital, Neurology Department, 2799 West Grand Blvd., Detroit, MI 48202, U.S.A.Abbreviations used: CBF, cerebral blood flow; ECA, external ca rotid artery; H&E, hematoxylin and eosin; ICA, internal carotid artery; MAP2, microtubule-associated protein-2; MCA, middle cerebral ar tery; PTAH, phosphotungstic acid hematoxylin; rCBF, regional CBF; TTC, triphenyltetrazolium chloride. 1081I hour in CS7BLl6J mice (n = 6) and in B6C3 mice (n = 3), respectively. A significant decrease of rCBF was accompanied by a corresponding reduction of plasma perfusion in the ipsi lateral MCA territory. Neurons exhibited marked reduction in microtubule-associated protein-2 immunostaining coincident with the area of perfusion deficit. The percent infarct volume was 30.3% ± 13.4% for CS7BLl6J mice (n = 17), and 38.3% ± IS.3% for B6C3 mice (n = 7) at 24 hours after embolization. This model of embolic ischemia is relevant to thromboembolic stroke in humans and may be useful to investigate embolic cerebral ischemia in the genetically altered mouse and for evaluation of antiembolic therapies. Key Words: Cerebral blood flow-Laser scanning confocal microscopy-Middle...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Mouse Model of Embolic Focal Cerebral Ischemia

Zhang¹,

Chopp

Zhang³

et al. 1997

J Cereb Blood Flow Metab

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“…Embolism and thrombosis are responsible for 80% of strokes seen in humans (Sloan, 1987;Albers, 1995), with the majority resulting in occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (MCA). Clot introduction, clot stability and final lodgment of the embolus within the cerebral vasculature make embolic models difficult to manage, leading to variations in infarct size and affected brain regions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective MCA occlusion: A precise embolic stroke model

DiNapoli

Rosen

Nagamine

et al. 2006

Journal of Neuroscience Methods

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“…Recent and ongoing studies of such agents have emphasized the need for the rapid initiation of therapy.4 6 However, the accrual of large numbers of acute stroke patients within minutes to hours of symptom onset is problematic. One major problem is the lack of rapid identification and transportation of patients to study centers.7 A recent study of thrombolytic therapy in acute stroke found that 83% of patients had to be excluded from participation because of delayed presentation.…”

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confidence: 99%

Evaluation times for patients with in-hospital strokes.

Alberts

Brass

Perry

et al. 1993

Stroke

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Background: Each year at least 35 000 people suffer a stroke while hospitalized, but little is known about the clinical characteristics of such patients or how rapidly they are identified and evaluated. With a recent emphasis on the very early treatment of stroke, in-hospital stroke patients may be candidates for some early interventions.Methods: This was a retrospective study using the stroke registries at two academic medical centers. Data were collected about the clinical characteristics of patients with an in-hospital stroke and who recognized the stroke. Detailed time data were analyzed to determine the time of stroke recognition, medical evaluation, and neurological evaluation. These specific time epochs were analyzed to determine which were responsible for any delays in stroke identification and assessment. Data were analyzed using nonparametric methods, including the Wilcoxon rank sum and Kruskal-Wallis procedure.

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Thrombolysis and Stroke

Cited by 122 publications

References 210 publications

A Mouse Model of Embolic Focal Cerebral Ischemia

A Mouse Model of Embolic Focal Cerebral Ischemia

Selective MCA occlusion: A precise embolic stroke model

Evaluation times for patients with in-hospital strokes.

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