Platinum‐Loaded Cerium Oxide Capable of Repairing Neuronal Homeostasis for Cerebral Ischemia‐Reperfusion Injury Therapy

Abstract

Effective neuroprotective agents are required to prevent neurological damage caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by cerebral ischemia‐reperfusion injury (CIRI) following an acute ischemic stroke. Herein, we aimed to develop the neuroprotective agents of cerium oxide loaded with platinum clusters engineered modifications (Ptn‐CeO2). The density functional theory (DFT) calculations showed that Ptn‐CeO2 could effectively scavenge ROS, including hydroxyl radicals (·OH) and superoxide anions (·O2−). In addition, Ptn‐CeO2 exhibited the superoxide dismutase‐ and catalase‐like enzyme activities, which is capable of scavenging hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The in‐vitro studies showed that Ptn‐CeO2 could adjust the restoration of the mitochondrial metabolism to ROS homeostasis, rebalance cytokines, and featured high biocompatibility. The studies in mice cerebral ischemia‐reperfusion injury (CIRI) demonstrated that Ptn‐CeO2 could also restore cytokine levels, reduce cysteine aspartate‐specific protease (Cleaved Caspase 3) levels, and induce the polarization of microglia to M2‐type macrophages, thus inhibiting the inflammatory responses. As a result, Ptn‐CeO2 inhibited the reperfusion‐induced neuronal apoptosis, relieved the infarct volume, reduced the neurological severity score, and improved cognitive function. Overall, these findings suggest that the prominent neuroprotective effect of the engineered Ptn‐CeO2 has a significant neuroprotective effect and provides a potential therapeutic alternative for CIRI.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

Niobium Carbide Protects Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury by Scavenging Reactive Oxygen Species and Improving Mitochondrial Function

“…Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury is a fatal ischemic heart disease observed in patients undergoing heart transplantation and percutaneous coronary intervention. , Recent mechanistic studies have highlighted that the death of cardiomyocytes is linked to elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the reprogramming of energy metabolism. , Evidence suggests that, during ischemia, succinate accumulates in cardiomyocytes. This accumulation might rapidly reoxidize postreperfusion, correlating with the generation of mitochondrial superoxide radicals ( · O 2 – ). − Furthermore, the activation of heme oxygenase 1 leads to heme degradation, resulting in iron overload and the release of bilirubin . Notably, free iron plays a pivotal role in catalyzing ROS formation via the Fenton reaction, thus contributing to cardiomyocyte death .…”