Transgenic Insecticidal Crops and Natural Enemies: A Detailed Review of Laboratory Studies

Löveï, Gábor L.; Andow, David A.; Arpaia, Salvatore

doi:10.1603/022.038.0201

Cited by 140 publications

(145 citation statements)

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“…Most studies have demonstrated that Bt crops do not harm natural enemies (Romeis et al 2006;Marvier et al 2007;Wolfenbarger et al 2008;Naranjo 2009). However, a few reports have claimed Bt crops have negative effects on natural enemies, especially parasitoids (Lövei et al 2009). In those studies, natural enemies were exposed to Bt proteins by feeding on Btsusceptible prey or hosts, thus compromising their quality (Naranjo 2009;Shelton et al 2009a, b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eliminating host-mediated effects demonstrates Bt maize producing Cry1F has no adverse effects on the parasitoid Cotesia marginiventris

et al. 2013

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The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda ( J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is an important pest of maize in the United States and many tropical areas in the western hemisphere. In 2001, Herculex I® (Cry1F) maize was commercially planted in the United States to control Lepidoptera, including S. frugiperda. In 2006, a population of S. frugiperda was discovered in Puerto Rico that had evolved resistance to Cry1F maize in the field, making it the first well-documented case of an insect with field resistance to a plant producing protein from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt). Using this resistant population, we conducted tri-trophic studies with a natural enemy of S. frugiperda. By using resistantS. frugiperda, we were able to overcome possible prey-mediated effects and avoid concerns about potential differences in laboratory-or field-derived Bt resistance. We used the Cry1F-resistant S. frugiperda to evaluate effects of Cry1F on Cotesia marginiventris (Cresson) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), a larval endoparasitoid of S. frugiperda, over five generations. Our results clearly demonstrate that Cry1F maize does not affect development, parasitism, survivorship, sex ratio, longevity or fecundity of C. marginiventris when they parasitize Cry1F maize-fed S. frugiperda.Furthermore, the level of Cry1F protein in the leaves was strongly diluted when transferred from Bt maize to S. frugiperda and was not detected in larvae, cocoons or adults of C. marginiventris. Our results refute previous reports of C. marginiventris being harmed by Bt proteins and suggest that such results were caused by prey-mediated effects due to using Bt-susceptible lepidopteran hosts. RightsWorks produced by employees of the U.S. Government as part of their official duties are not copyrighted within the U.S. The content of this document is not copyrighted. Abstract The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is an important pest of maize in the United States and many tropical areas in the western hemisphere. In 2001, Herculex I Ò (Cry1F) maize was commercially planted in the United States to control Lepidoptera, including S. frugiperda. In 2006, a population of S. frugiperda was discovered in Puerto Rico that had evolved resistance to Cry1F maize in the field, making it the first well-documented case of an insect with field resistance to a plant producing protein from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt). Using this resistant population, we conducted tri-trophic studies with a natural enemy of S. frugiperda. By using resistant S. frugiperda, we were able to overcome possible prey-mediated effects and avoid concerns about potential differences in laboratory-or field-derived Bt resistance. We used the Cry1F-resistant S. frugiperda to evaluate effects of Cry1F on Cotesia marginiventris (Cresson) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), a larval endoparasitoid of S. frugiperda, over five generations. Our results clearly demonstrate that Cry1F maize does not affect development, parasitism, survivorship, sex ratio, longevity or fecundity ...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eliminating host-mediated effects demonstrates Bt maize producing Cry1F has no adverse effects on the parasitoid Cotesia marginiventris

et al. 2013

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“…However, for a finer analysis, we chose to also include in our investigations measurement endpoints other than mortality, as effects found in laboratory studies conducted with GM crops indicate that mortality is not the most sensitive parameter to detect such impacts (Lo¨vei et al 2009). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Considering that adult longevity was not impaired by the different diets, it is expected that feeding activity of this predator in GM agro-ecosystems should be maintained. Predators are considered generally less sensitive than parasitoids to toxins expressed in GM plants resistant to insects (Lo¨vei et al 2009;Naranjo 2009). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other taxa are active in tomato fields as primary consumers feeding on aphids (e.g. Coleoptera Coccinellidae, Neuroptera Chrysopidae, and Hymenoptera Aphelinidae) and since the sensitivity to the toxins expressed in plants is very different among taxa (Lo¨vei et al 2009) and their exposure not completely clarified, the possible effects on population dynamics are not easy to be determined.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Interactions betweenBt-expressing tomato and non-target insects: the aphidMacrosiphum euphorbiaeand its natural enemies

Digilio

Sasso²,

Leo

et al. 2012

Journal of Plant Interactions

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Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner toxins are highly specific in terms of insect pest targeted. For example, Cry3Bb is active against Coleoptera. As a consequence, in the framework of using genetically modified plants expressing different Bt toxins in sustainable agriculture, there is a growing interest about the impact of these crops on the environment and on non-target organisms. The effects of genetically modified Bt-tomato plants expressing the toxin Cry3Bb on the aphid Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas) and its natural enemies, the generalist predator Macrolophus caliginosus Wagner and the endoparasitoid wasp Aphidius ervi Haliday, were assessed under laboratory conditions. No significant differences between performance of M. euphorbiae were observed on genetically modified tomato plants (line UC82Bt) with respect to their near-isogenic control line (line UC82). Immunoassays did not detect Cry3Bb protein in M. euphorbiae developing on Bt-expressing tomato plants. Similarly, no significant differences were found on the longevity and prey consumption of M. caliginosus when fed aphids reared on UC82Bt or on UC82. Moreover, the genetic modification did not affect the attractiveness of uninfested tomato plants toward A. ervi. It is therefore concluded that Cry3Bb-expressing tomato plants did not show any acute adverse effects on the biological parameters of the non-target herbivore M. euphorbiae or its natural enemies, M. caliginosus and A. ervi, under laboratory conditions.

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“…Environmental Entomology accepted Lövei's paper 18 but, in January, three months before it was published, Shelton and three colleagues were given a proof by a colleague of one of the authors. Shelton prepared a rebuttal 19 that was published days after Lövei's paper.…”

Section: Omitted Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

GM crops: Battlefield

Waltz¹

2009

Nature

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Transgenic Insecticidal Crops and Natural Enemies: A Detailed Review of Laboratory Studies

Cited by 140 publications

References 104 publications

Eliminating host-mediated effects demonstrates Bt maize producing Cry1F has no adverse effects on the parasitoid Cotesia marginiventris

Eliminating host-mediated effects demonstrates Bt maize producing Cry1F has no adverse effects on the parasitoid Cotesia marginiventris

Interactions betweenBt-expressing tomato and non-target insects: the aphidMacrosiphum euphorbiaeand its natural enemies

GM crops: Battlefield

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