GM crops: Battlefield

Waltz, Emily

doi:10.1038/461027a

Cited by 65 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Recently, Bt-maize and particularly MON810 maize were the focus of scientific controversy in the United States (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [EPA], 2010, pp. 67-68;Waltz, 2009), while in Europe, despite a European approval for cultivation of MON810 maize, controversial temporary prohibitions on cultivation were implemented in Austria, France, Germany, Greece, Luxemburg, and Hungary, based upon what these countries noted as scientific evidence of risk of adverse effects to biodiversity (Bøhn et al, 2012;Wickson et al, 2013). Within both science and policy settings, evidential basis for evaluating the potential risk of adverse effects from MON810 maize to nontarget organisms and biodiversity remains a topic of ongoing debate (Bøhn et al, 2012;Ricroch et al, 2010;Romeis et al, 2013;Wickson et al, 2013).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic Responses ofDaphnia magnaUnder Dietary Exposure to Leaves of a Transgenic (Event MON810) Bt–Maize Hybrid and its Conventional Near-Isoline

Holderbaum

Cuhra

Wickson

et al. 2015

Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A

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Insect resistance is the second most common trait globally in cultivated genetically modified (GM) plants. Resistance is usually obtained by introducing into the plant's genome genes from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) coding for insecticidal proteins (Cry proteins or toxins) that target insect pests. The aim of this study was to examine the hypothesis that a chronic, high-dose dietary exposure to leaves of a Bt-maize hybrid (GM event MON810, expressing a transgenic or recombinant Cry1Ab toxin), exerted no adverse effects on fitness parameters of the aquatic nontarget organism Daphnia magna (water flea) when compared to an identical control diet based on leaves of the non-GM near-isoline. Cry1Ab was immunologically detected and quantified in GM maize leaf material used for Daphnia feed. A 69-kD protein near Bt's active core-toxin size and a 34-kD protein were identified. The D. magna bioassay showed a resource allocation to production of resting eggs and early fecundity in D. magna fed GM maize, with adverse effects for body size and fecundity later in life. This is the first study to examine GM-plant leaf material in the D. magna model, and provides of negative fitness effects of a MON810 maize hybrid in a nontarget model organism under chronic, high dietary exposure. Based upon these results, it is postulated that the observed transgenic proteins exert a nontarget effect in D. magna and/or unintended changes were produced in the maize genome/metabolome by the transformation process, producing a nutritional difference between GM-maize and non-GM near-isoline.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic Responses ofDaphnia magnaUnder Dietary Exposure to Leaves of a Transgenic (Event MON810) Bt–Maize Hybrid and its Conventional Near-Isoline

Holderbaum

Cuhra

Wickson

et al. 2015

Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A

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“…Cette étude, cosignée par de nombreux penses, qu'il serait très audacieux ou mal vu de contester 7 . Inversement, les chercheurs qui critiquent la qualité, les résultats ou les produits issus de recherches financées par les grandes compagnies pharmaceutiques, chimiques ou industrielles prennent le risque de voir leur carrière attaquée, comme ce fut le cas pour la docteure Nancy Olivieri (j'y reviendrai) ou la biologiste Emma Rosi-Marshall (Waltz, 2009), et leur professionnalisme démoli, ce que vit actuellement le biologiste moléculaire Gilles-Éric Séralini à la suite de son étude contestant la capacité des données fournies par Monsanto de démontrer formellement l'innocuité de trois maïs transgéniques (Comité de recherche et d'information indépendantes sur le génie génétique, 2010). Est-il encore possible pour les chercheurs de mener sereinement des débats scientifiques, nécessaires à toute avancée de la science, dans un contexte de plus en plus dominé par des enjeux financiers ?…”

Section: Florence Piron Université Lavalunclassified

La citoyenneté scientifique contre l’économie marchande du savoir. Un enjeu d’éthique publique

Piron¹

2010

ethiquepublique

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“…While GMO and the science supporting it have been controversial (Devos et al, 2008;Waltz, 2009;Bawa & Anilakumar, 2013), genetic modification has provided pest, herbicide and drought resilient crop varieties (Morris, 2011;Vencill et al, 2012). Although only on the cusp of commercial availability, genetically modified laboratory science has enhanced the genetic improvement of livestock with an aim to further increasing productive output, taste and resistance to disease (Wheeler et al, 2003;McColl et al, 2013;Laible et al, 2015).…”

Section: Industrial Agriculturementioning

confidence: 99%

The Characteristics of Five Food Production Systems and Their Implications for Sustainable Landscapes

Burdock¹,

Ampt²

2018

JAS

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This paper presents a classification of agricultural production systems that we believe characterises the complex interface between agriculture and the landscapes in which they are managed. Farmers have a choice about how they will manage their land, either to exclude inherent environmental complexity or to engage with it, mindful of risks associated with their approach. Adding to this complexity is the interplay between key natural, social, human, physical and financial resources in agricultural systems, highlighting the importance of extending sustainability principles to aspects of ecology, economics and culture. Decisions about agricultural systems hinge on a balance of productive outcomes, on sensitivity to the issues of environmental complexity, on economic grounds including the access to resources, and the socio-cultural needs of the community in which the farmer participates. Further, farm managers will make a choice that both satisfies and suffices (satisfices) against production, ecological efficiencies and resilience outcomes when choosing which food production system to adopt. In this paper, these complexities are analysed against five different agricultural systems on an ecological continuum; from biologically simple industrial systems that minimise interaction with the natural environment, to ecologically complex systems that are closely engaged with their environment. Production viability is a necessary consideration to maintain farming operations but is not sufficient if operational capacity is to be achieved in the long term. This analysis finds that it is also necessary to work with ecological, economic and social complexities, satisficing against productivity, ecological efficiency and inherit system resilience. No one particular farming systems is appropriate in all cases. The farmer's choice may apply a mix of the five different agricultural systems described, allowing for the blending of these attributes in order to sustain rural landscapes.

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GM crops: Battlefield

Cited by 65 publications

References 15 publications

Chronic Responses ofDaphnia magnaUnder Dietary Exposure to Leaves of a Transgenic (Event MON810) Bt–Maize Hybrid and its Conventional Near-Isoline

Chronic Responses ofDaphnia magnaUnder Dietary Exposure to Leaves of a Transgenic (Event MON810) Bt–Maize Hybrid and its Conventional Near-Isoline

La citoyenneté scientifique contre l’économie marchande du savoir. Un enjeu d’éthique publique

The Characteristics of Five Food Production Systems and Their Implications for Sustainable Landscapes

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