Transgenderism Before Gender: Nosology from the Sixteenth Through Mid-Twentieth Century

Janssen, Diederik F.

doi:10.1007/s10508-020-01715-w

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…the medical aspects of horseback riding, onanism/spermatorrhea, etc.). A flurry of clinical interest seen in the late 1870s through the early 1880s (Broca, 1877; de Montyel, 1877; Hammond, 1882) largely reflects this latter focus on somatic aspects, although William Alexander Hammond (an American authority on impotence) and the wider context of the American Neurological Association evidenced both knowledge of and fascination for the psychiatric side of the debate (Janssen, 2020a: 1419–20).…”

Section: Early Nosological Engagementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was, moreover, a maladie étrange that could, in theory, shed light on popularized modern curiosa such as that of cross-dressing Abbot d’Entragues (see Biquet, 1830: 98–100). By the 1880s, both Hammond and Krafft-Ebing (cited in Janssen, 2020a) substantively qualified the pertinence of morbus femineus to modern-day cases of psychosexual hermaphroditism. This cleared the way for more observation-based psychiatric frames for gender nonconformity, although there was little systematic observation before the contributions to Hirschfeld’s Jahrbuch für sexuelle Zwischenstufen (cited in Janssen, 2020a).…”

Section: Early Nosological Engagementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Evolving nosological frameworks remain little researched. The medico-psychological pre-history of ‘gender identity disorder’ ( Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Third Edition’s [DSM-III term, arguably superseding the DSM-II’s ‘transvestitism’ and in turn abandoned for the DSM-5’s ‘gender dysphoria’]) points to a pre-twentieth-century role for the ethno-historico-medical notion of ‘Scythian melancholy’, so named by trail-blazing nosologist Boissier de Sauvages de la Croix (1706–67) (Janssen, 2020a). In young de Sauvages’ Nouvelles classes de maladies (1731: 295), the term melancholia Scytharum equisonum – the melancholy of Scythian horsemen – appeared in the section on maladies spirituelles , an attempt at locating within the wider scope of medical and mental nosology the Hippocratic take on Herodotus’s θήλεια νοῦσος, or morbus femineus .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Melancholia Scytharum: the early modern psychiatry of transgender identification

Janssen

2021

Hist Psychiatry

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Herodotus’s enigmatic Scythian theleia nousos/morbus femininus and its Hippocratic interpretation interested many early modern authors. Its seeming dimension of transgender identification invited various medico-psychological and psychiatric reflections, culminating in nosologist de Sauvages’ tentative 1731 term, melancholia Scytharum. This article identifies pertinent discussions and what turn out to have been entangled, tentative psychologizations in late-seventeenth through mid-nineteenth-century mental medicine: of ‘effeminacy of manners’ ( mollities animi such as observed in London’s Beaux and mollies) and male homosexuality ( amour antiphysique/grec); of the mental masculinity of some women ( viragines, Amazones); of ubiquitous attributions of impotence to sorcery ( anaphrodisia magica); and lastly, of transfeminine persons encountered throughout the New World and increasingly beyond.

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Section: Early Nosological Engagementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Early Nosological Engagementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Melancholia Scytharum: the early modern psychiatry of transgender identification

Janssen

2021

Hist Psychiatry

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“…Na obra Before Trans: Three Gender Stories from Nineteenth-Century France, é destacado que o termo "gênero" deve ser observado para além das definições históricas, isto é, deve ser observado por meio da análise das percepções de "papel" e "identidade" do/de gênero, tendo em vista que o termo "transgênero" antecede a noção/criação do "gênero", sendo necessário analisar o "gênero" antes do termo existir (JANSSEN, 2020;MESCH, 2020).…”

Section: Ser E Viver Transgênerounclassified

Não há vagas: discussão sobre os desafios enfrentados por transgêneros, travestis e transexuais no mercado de trabalho formal no Brasil

Círico

Galvão²

2021

Cad. Gên. Tecnol.

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O presente estudo objetiva discutir sobre os preconceitos organizacionais sofridos por Transgêneros, Travestis e Transexuais (TTT) visando apresentar propostas atitudinais e comportamentais para o combate da transfobia no mercado de trabalho formal no Brasil. O artigo aborda a inclusão da comunidade TTT nas organizações e as dificuldades enfrentadas relacionadas à falta de inclusão e de reconhecimento dos direitos das pessoas TTT nas empresas. Quanto aos procedimentos metodológicos, a pesquisa é bibliográfica, documental e descritiva com abordagem qualitativa. Com relação aos resultados deste estudo, constatou-se que o preconceito organizacional mais frequente contra a comunidade TTT está relacionado com a falta de oportunidades, visto que, as organizações ao disponibilizarem uma vaga de emprego, limitam o público que poderão se candidatar a vaga, logo tornando o processo de recrutamento e seleção excludente e desigual. Quando uma pessoa TTT consegue uma oportunidade de trabalho formal, o desafio se refere às importunações no ambiente interno organizacional que resulta na desistência do cargo em que ocupa.

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“…This explained homosexuality, but not the other libidines . Here, homosexuality was already being split off from the perversions in such terms as geistige Zwitterbildung (Casper), conträre Sexualempfindung (Westphal), gynomania (transgenderism/transvestitism) (see Janssen, 2020 ) and ‘inversion of the sexual instinct’ ( Tamassia, 1878 ).…”

Section: Sodomia Impropria : From Perversion To Perversionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

From Libidines nefandæ to sexual perversions

Janssen

2020

Hist Psychiatry

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A conceptual evolution is traceable from early modern classifications of libido nefanda (execrable lust) to early nineteenth-century allusions to ‘perversion of the sexual instinct’, via pluralizing notions of coitus nefandus/sodomiticus in Martin Schurig’s work, and of sodomia impropria in seventeenth- through late eighteenth-century legal medicine. Johann Valentin Müller’s early breakdown of various unnatural penchants seemingly inspired similar lists in works by Johann Christoph Fahner and Johann Josef Bernt, and ultimately Heinrich Kaan. This allows an ante-dating of the ‘specification of the perverted’ (Foucault) often located in the late nineteenth century, and appreciation of pygmalionism and necrophilia as instances of ‘perverted sexual instinct’. In this light, Kaan’s early psychopathia sexualis was less innovative and more ambivalent than previously thought.

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Transgenderism Before Gender: Nosology from the Sixteenth Through Mid-Twentieth Century

Cited by 7 publications

References 17 publications

Melancholia Scytharum: the early modern psychiatry of transgender identification

Melancholia Scytharum: the early modern psychiatry of transgender identification

Não há vagas: discussão sobre os desafios enfrentados por transgêneros, travestis e transexuais no mercado de trabalho formal no Brasil

From Libidines nefandæ to sexual perversions

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