Transformation of nitrogen-containing compounds in atmospheric residue by hydrotreating

Liu, Mei; Zhang, Lin‐Zhou; Zhang, Cheng; Yuan, Songliu; Zhao, Dan; Duan, Linhai

doi:10.1007/s11814-017-0305-9

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Mapping the DBE number as a function of the carbon number, the reactivity of NBN compounds could be classified (see Figure d). Our finding is consistent with the results of previous studies; ,, the planar limit formed by the linear limits of benzene rings yields lines with slopes of 0.75, which corresponds to the successive addition of aromatic rings to a base ring, reporting that there were easy- and hard-to-convert regions. Two diagonal lines could be obtained from the comparison of plots.…”

Section: Results and Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Transformation of Basic and Non-basic Nitrogen Compounds during Heavy Oil Hydrotreating on Two Typical Catalyst Gradations

Guan

Liu

et al. 2021

Energy Fuels

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Hydrodenitrogenation (HDN) is still a challenging process that many refineries need to overcome. The influence of catalysts on HDN efficiency cannot be ignored. In this study, Qilu atmospheric residue was subjected to a pilot-scale continuous hydrotreater, and liquid products were obtained from four outlets under two typical catalyst gradations. Basic nitrogen (BN) and non-basic nitrogen (NBN) compounds in the feedstock and liquid products were investigated by positive and negative (±) electrospray ionization (ESI) Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. It shows that during hydrotreating, compared to BN, NBN compounds were more refractory. The removal of multi-heteroatom compounds occurred mainly in BN compounds, and the conversion of multi-heteroatom compounds and the hydrodearomatization of N1 class species happened simultaneously in NBN compounds. By comparing the effects of two typical catalyst gradations on the products, it was clear that in the removal of N1 class species, catalyst gradations had subtle differences. The significant difference in N removal efficiency was reflected in removal and transformation of N-containing compounds containing multiple heteroatoms in both BN and NBN compounds during the refining section. This observation provides a new contribution to understanding the use of different catalyst gradations in the beds and the effect of each catalyst on the resulting liquid products.

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Section: Results and Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Transformation of Basic and Non-basic Nitrogen Compounds during Heavy Oil Hydrotreating on Two Typical Catalyst Gradations

Guan

Liu

et al. 2021

Energy Fuels

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“…64 A study of the atmospheric residue from Saudi Arabia light crude oil by ES-FT-ICR MS under both positive and negative ion mode revealed N 1 , N 1 O 1 , N 1 S 1 , N 1 S 2 , and N 2 species, with the N 1 class having the highest relative abundance. 65 Similarly, a study on Chongqing crude oil and its distillates revealed N 1 as the species with the most relative abundance, accounting for more than 90% of all the nitrogen compounds. 66 Another study on shale oil characterization using atmospheric pressure photoionization (APPI), coupled with FT-ICR MS, reported a similar result.…”

Section: Sulfur and Nitrogen Compounds In Heavymentioning

confidence: 98%

A Review on the Reaction Mechanism of Hydrodesulfurization and Hydrodenitrogenation in Heavy Oil Upgrading

et al. 2021

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The future of fuel supply will undoubtedly involve the utilization of heavy crude oils, including those from nonconventional sources, such as bitumen and oil shale. Because of their dense nature and poor compositional characteristics, heavy oils cannot be admitted straightly as refinery feeds, since the direct processing of such oils hardly produces engine fuels of commercial standard. The currently available refinery setups also require substantial retrofitting in order to process such heavy feeds. Thus, heavy oils must undergo an initial upgrading called hydrotreatment (HDT) by which the feeds are converted to qualified fuel oils or synthetic crude (syncrude) for easy handling. Removing the considerable amount of sulfur (S) and nitrogen (N) compounds present in the heavy crude oils selectively by hydrodesulfurization (HDS) and hydrodenitrogenation (HDN), respectively, is among the most critical and challenging aspects of the upgrading. However, the mechanism of these two reactions, in relation to different catalytic sites, temperature, pressure, and other operation variables, is not fully understood or well-documented. By analyzing the possible reaction routes involved in S and N removal by HDT, this review sets to bridge the gap that has been left void for a long period of time, to serve as a guide for innovative heavy crude oil upgrading technologies. It finally reports the current challenges impeding the speedy inclusion of heavy crude oils into the global oil supply stream, and proffer perspective solutions together with future research trends.

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“…Lai et al reported successful isolation of basic nitrogen compounds from the vacuum gas oil and its hydrotreated product by the formation of complexes coordinated with FeCl 3 . ESI FT-ICR MS revealed the transformation of basic nitrogen compounds in hydrotreating. ,,,,,,, The basic nitrogen compounds from the vacuum gas oil with short alkyl chains can be preferentially removed by hydrotreatment. Partially saturated products of the basic nitrogen compounds were widely found in the hydrotreated vacuum gas oil .…”

Section: Applications For Polar Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ESI FT-ICR MS revealed the transformation of basic nitrogen compounds in hydrotreating. 110,121,129,134,136,137,143,144 The basic nitrogen compounds from the vacuum gas oil with short alkyl chains can be preferentially removed by hydrotreatment. Partially saturated products of the basic nitrogen compounds were widely found in the hydrotreated vacuum gas oil.…”

Section: Fundamentals and Principles Of Ft-icr Msmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Characterization of Fossil and Alternative Fuels Using Electrospray Ionization Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry: Recent Advances and Perspectives

et al. 2021

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Molecular composition analysis of petroleum and alternative fuels has been considered as one of the greatest challenges in analytical chemistry. The rapid development of Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) has provided an opportunity to solve this problem. High mass resolution power and mass accuracy enable the separation of isobaric compounds in a complex mixture and assignment of their molecular composition. The combination of electrospray ionization (ESI) with FT-ICR MS achieves direct analysis of polar compounds in petroleum even if they are in trace amounts in the complex matrix. FT-ICR MS has made a great contribution to the chemical understanding of petroleum and alternative fuels; the relevant application is sometimes called “petroleomic analysis”. Hundreds of journal articles have been published over the past two decades using FT-ICR MS instruments to study the molecular composition of petroleum and alternative fuels, in which most of them used ESI as the ionization source. This review will present an overview of the studies regarding the petroleomic characterization of fossil and alternative fuels by FT-ICR MS coupled with ESI and a critical review of their main findings relevant to the chemical composition. Special features of this review are (1) covering the entire historical period; (2) focusing on ESI ionization; (3) a systematic review of the composition of almost all the components and compound classes, including but not limited to petroleum, coal-derived liquids, biofuels, and their distillates; asphaltenes, heavy residues, interfacial active substances; hydrocarbons and heteroatoms; and polar and nonpolar compounds. In addition, the challenges and further research directions will be proposed. This review focuses on the advances enabled by ultrahigh resolving power FT-ICR MS in a tribute to Professor Alan G. Marshall.

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Transformation of nitrogen-containing compounds in atmospheric residue by hydrotreating

Cited by 9 publications

References 35 publications

Transformation of Basic and Non-basic Nitrogen Compounds during Heavy Oil Hydrotreating on Two Typical Catalyst Gradations

Transformation of Basic and Non-basic Nitrogen Compounds during Heavy Oil Hydrotreating on Two Typical Catalyst Gradations

A Review on the Reaction Mechanism of Hydrodesulfurization and Hydrodenitrogenation in Heavy Oil Upgrading

Molecular Characterization of Fossil and Alternative Fuels Using Electrospray Ionization Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry: Recent Advances and Perspectives

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