2021
DOI: 10.1021/acs.energyfuels.1c01015
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Abstract: The future of fuel supply will undoubtedly involve the utilization of heavy crude oils, including those from nonconventional sources, such as bitumen and oil shale. Because of their dense nature and poor compositional characteristics, heavy oils cannot be admitted straightly as refinery feeds, since the direct processing of such oils hardly produces engine fuels of commercial standard. The currently available refinery setups also require substantial retrofitting in order to process such heavy feeds. Thus, heav… Show more

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Cited by 62 publications
(34 citation statements)
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“…9,10 Currently, NCCs in fuel are usually removed by hydro-denitrication (HDN), which consumes expensive hydrogen and requires high temperature (range from 300 to 400 C) and high-pressure conditions (range from 30 to 130 atmospheres). 11,12 The process is not economical. Photocatalysis technology is a kind of technology with low energy consumption and mild conditions, which has attracted signicant attention.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…9,10 Currently, NCCs in fuel are usually removed by hydro-denitrication (HDN), which consumes expensive hydrogen and requires high temperature (range from 300 to 400 C) and high-pressure conditions (range from 30 to 130 atmospheres). 11,12 The process is not economical. Photocatalysis technology is a kind of technology with low energy consumption and mild conditions, which has attracted signicant attention.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…For N removal (C-N cleavage) from carbazole and acridine, the nitrogen atom requires sp 3 -hybridization. Moreover, the C-N cleavage occurs mainly through elimination or substitution reactions [20][21][22]. Therefore, it is relevant to describe the HDN networks of carbazole and acridine, as this reveals that several of the conversion steps are hydrogenation reactions taking place prior to the C-N bond cleavage reactions.…”
Section: Hydrodenitrogenation Of Carbazole and Acridinementioning
confidence: 99%
“…Precipitation of ammonium molybdates ((NH4)2MoO4) then resulted, according to the following equations [19]. Na2MoO4 (aq) + 8HCl(aq) → 2NaCl(aq) + MoCl6 (aq) + 4H2O(aq) (3) MoCl6 (aq) + 3NH4OH(aq) → (NH4)2MoO4 (ammonium molybdates) + NH4Cl(aq) (4) After desorption of molybdenum from activated carbon using ammonium hydroxide, the solution reached the pH of around 9.30. Subsequently, HCl was added to the solution till the pH reduced to 2.0 with the controlled temperature at 90℃.…”
Section: Precipitation Of Ammonium Molybdate and Calcinationmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Nominal composition for the Ni/Mo HDS catalyst is typically 4% to 13% Mo, 1% to 5% Ni, 8% to 10% S, and 15% to 30% Al for example [2]. It was shown from ex-situ microscopic data [3] that MoS2 nanoislands comprise one or more layers of S-Mo-S sandwich in the truncated triangle shape where their active edges serve as active sites during catalytic reactions [4].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%