Transformation mechanisms of organic S/N/O compounds during microwave pyrolysis of oil shale: A comparative research with conventional pyrolysis

He, Lu; Ma, Yue; Yue, Changtao; Wu, Jianxun; Li, Shuyuan; Wang, Qingqiang; Wang, Bin

doi:10.1016/j.fuproc.2020.106605

Cited by 18 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…The OP produced the highest amount of H 2 (45vol%), followed by PA, SRF, and WW (36.3 and 30vol%, respectively). Lower H 2 production than SSWs was noted to LP at 24vol% and reed at 13vol% WW, SRF, and PA produced a similar amount of CO compared to SSW (17,18, and 19vol% compared to 21 and 20vol% for SSSW and DSSW, respectively). LP and reed produced the highest amounts of CO (27 and 31vol%) and the lowest value of CO was obtained for OP at 15vol%.…”

Section: H 2 O Gasificationmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…The use of combustion processes is then again related to harmful pollutants, whereas the use of air/O 2 as gasifying agents promotes the formation of dioxins and furans. In view of it, the use of other substances as gasifying agents, like steam [11,12] and/or CO 2 [13,14] looks very attractive, especially when the heat required for gasification is obtained by environmentally clean technologies (solar [15], microwave (MW) [16,17], plasma [18,19], etc.) different from combustion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Organic Waste Gasification: A Selective Review

Фролов

2021

Fuels

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This review considers the selective studies on environmentally friendly, combustion-free, allothermal, atmospheric-pressure, noncatalytic, direct H2O/CO2 gasification of organic feedstocks like biomass, sewage sludge wastes (SSW) and municipal solid wastes (MSW) to demonstrate the pros and cons of the approaches and provide future perspectives. The environmental friendliness of H2O/CO2 gasification is well known as it is accompanied by considerably less harmful emissions into the environment as compared to O2/air gasification. Comparative analysis of the various gasification technologies includes low-temperature H2O/CO2 gasification at temperatures up to 1000 °C, high-temperature plasma- and solar-assisted H2O/CO2 gasification at temperatures above 1200 °C, and an innovative gasification technology applying ultra-superheated steam (USS) with temperatures above 2000 °C obtained by pulsed or continuous gaseous detonations. Analysis shows that in terms of such characteristics as the carbon conversion efficiency (CCE), tar and char content, and the content of harmful by-products the plasma and detonation USS gasification technologies are most promising. However, as compared with plasma gasification, detonation USS gasification does not need enormous electric power with unnecessary and energy-consuming gas–plasma transition.

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Section: H 2 O Gasificationmentioning

confidence: 84%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic Waste Gasification: A Selective Review

Фролов

2021

Fuels

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“…The pyrolysis temperature had obvious effects on the heteroatom composition and their relative abundance. He et al 251 compared molecular composition of heteroatoms in shale oils from microwave pyrolysis and conventional pyrolysis. The microwave pyrolysis promoted heteroatoms transform into chars and/or gases, reducing contents in shale oils.…”

Section: Characterization Of Alternative Fuelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Characterization of Fossil and Alternative Fuels Using Electrospray Ionization Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry: Recent Advances and Perspectives

et al. 2021

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Molecular composition analysis of petroleum and alternative fuels has been considered as one of the greatest challenges in analytical chemistry. The rapid development of Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) has provided an opportunity to solve this problem. High mass resolution power and mass accuracy enable the separation of isobaric compounds in a complex mixture and assignment of their molecular composition. The combination of electrospray ionization (ESI) with FT-ICR MS achieves direct analysis of polar compounds in petroleum even if they are in trace amounts in the complex matrix. FT-ICR MS has made a great contribution to the chemical understanding of petroleum and alternative fuels; the relevant application is sometimes called “petroleomic analysis”. Hundreds of journal articles have been published over the past two decades using FT-ICR MS instruments to study the molecular composition of petroleum and alternative fuels, in which most of them used ESI as the ionization source. This review will present an overview of the studies regarding the petroleomic characterization of fossil and alternative fuels by FT-ICR MS coupled with ESI and a critical review of their main findings relevant to the chemical composition. Special features of this review are (1) covering the entire historical period; (2) focusing on ESI ionization; (3) a systematic review of the composition of almost all the components and compound classes, including but not limited to petroleum, coal-derived liquids, biofuels, and their distillates; asphaltenes, heavy residues, interfacial active substances; hydrocarbons and heteroatoms; and polar and nonpolar compounds. In addition, the challenges and further research directions will be proposed. This review focuses on the advances enabled by ultrahigh resolving power FT-ICR MS in a tribute to Professor Alan G. Marshall.

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“…Microwave exposure represents a good alternative for coal modification due to the advantages of instantaneous penetration, selective heating, feasible control, and environmental friendliness. 25 Currently, microwave exposure has been preliminarily applied in the fields of coal dehydration, 26−28 coal/oil desulfurization, 29,30 hard rock fracturing, 31,32 aid grinding, 33,34 coal/biowaste pyrolysis, 35,36 coking, 37,38 oil shale exploitation, 39,40 and heavy oil thermal recovery. 41,42 Microwaves, as ultrahigh-frequency electromagnetic waves (3 × 10 8 to 3 × 10 12 Hz) that consist of magnetic and electric fields perpendicular to each other, can cause high-frequency vibrations (billions for microwaves with a frequency of 2.45 × 10 9 Hz) and friction of polar molecules or free electrons within their penetration range.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response of Molecular Structures and Methane Adsorption Behaviors in Coals Subjected to Cyclical Microwave Exposure

Zhang

Kang

et al. 2021

ACS Omega

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To better understand the methane adsorption behavior after microwave exposure, the importance of quantitatively characterizing the effect of cyclical microwave exposure on the molecular structures of coals cannot be overemphasized, with implications for enhancing coalbed methane (CBM) extraction. Thus, cyclical microwave exposure experiments of three different metamorphic coals were conducted, and the methane adsorption capacity before and after each microwave exposure (10 in total) for 120 s was evaluated. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis and peak fitting technology were applied to quantitatively characterize the changes in the structural parameters of coal molecules. The results showed that after modification, the structural parameters like aromatic carbon fraction (f a–F), aromaticity (I 1 and I 2), degree of condensation (DOC 1 and DOC 2), and the maturity of organic matter (“C”) gradually increased with increasing exposure times, while the length of the aliphatic chain or its branching degree (CH 2/CH 3) and the hydrocarbon generating capacity (“A”) showed a decreasing trend. The Langmuir volume (V L) of three different rank coal samples decreased from 29.2, 32.8, and 40.4 mL/g to 25.7, 29.3, and 35.7 mL/g, respectively; the Langmuir pressure (P L) increased from 0.588, 0.844, and 0.942 MPa to 0.626, 1.007, and 1.139 MPa, respectively. The modification mechanism was investigated by analyzing the relationship between the methane adsorption behaviors and molecular structures in coals. The release of alkane side chains and the oxidation of oxygen-containing functional groups caused by microwave exposure decreased the number of methane adsorption sites. As a result, the methane adsorption capability decreased. In addition, the decomposition of minerals affects methane adsorption behaviors in coals. This work provides a basis for microwave modification of coal as well as in situ enhancement of CBM extraction using microwave exposure.

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Transformation mechanisms of organic S/N/O compounds during microwave pyrolysis of oil shale: A comparative research with conventional pyrolysis

Cited by 18 publications

References 70 publications

Organic Waste Gasification: A Selective Review

Organic Waste Gasification: A Selective Review

Molecular Characterization of Fossil and Alternative Fuels Using Electrospray Ionization Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry: Recent Advances and Perspectives

Response of Molecular Structures and Methane Adsorption Behaviors in Coals Subjected to Cyclical Microwave Exposure

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