Organic Waste Gasification: A Selective Review

Фролов, С. М.

doi:10.3390/fuels2040033

Cited by 15 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 215 publications

(357 reference statements)

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“…Vecten et al provide insights into the composition of syngas, reporting the following volume percentages: H 2 (45–65%), CO (15–30%), CO 2 (10–20%), CH 4 (5–10%), and LHV (10.5–12 MJ/m 3 ). A more comprehensive review on thermal plasma gasification can be found in the literature. − …”

Section: Tar Destruction/removal: Existing Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tar Formation in Gasification Systems: A Holistic Review of Remediation Approaches and Removal Methods

Jayanarasimhan,

Pathak,

Shivapuji

et al. 2024

ACS Omega

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Gasification is an advanced thermochemical process that converts carbonaceous feedstock into syngas, a mixture of hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and other gases. However, the presence of tar in syngas, which is composed of higher molecular weight aromatic hydrocarbons, poses significant challenges for the downstream utilization of syngas. This Review offers a comprehensive overview of tar from gasification, encompassing gasifier chemistry and configuration that notably impact tar formation during gasification. It explores the concentration and composition of tar in the syngas and the purity of syngas required for the applications. Various tar removal methods are discussed, including mechanical, chemical/catalytic, and plasma technologies. The Review provides insights into the strengths, limitations, and challenges associated with each tar removal method. It also highlights the importance of integrating multiple techniques to enhance the tar removal efficiency and syngas quality. The selection of an appropriate tar removal strategy depends on factors such as tar composition, gasifier operating and design factors, economic considerations, and the extent of purity required at the downstream application. Future research should focus on developing cleaning strategies that consume less energy and cause a smaller environmental impact.

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Section: Tar Destruction/removal: Existing Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tar Formation in Gasification Systems: A Holistic Review of Remediation Approaches and Removal Methods

Jayanarasimhan,

Pathak,

Shivapuji

et al. 2024

ACS Omega

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“…This is due to the size that facilitates its natural moisture reduction and the ease of shredding. At temperatures higher than those used for pyrolysis (600-800 • C) and in a partially oxidizing environment, the thermal treatment of biomass is generally called gasification [141,142] and the product of this operation is called Syngas. It is a mixture of H 2 and CO used as a renewable fuel and a fundamental building block for many hydrocarbons.…”

Section: Thermal Treatmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of the Olive Oil Industry along the Entire Production Chain and Related Waste Management

Giacomo

Romano

2022

Energies

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The production of olive oil involves the sustainable management of the waste produced along the entire production chain. This review examines the developments regarding cultivation techniques, production technologies, and waste management, highlighting the goals to be achieved and the most reasonable prospects. The results show that cultivation and production technology have evolved to an almost final solution to meet economic feasibility, keeping the oil’s high quality. Continuous horizontal decanters will coexist with traditional mills in many countries with old olive oil production and consumption traditions. High-quality products have conquered markets, especially in the wealthiest countries. At the same time, the exploitation of dried pomace by solvent extraction is increasingly an obsolete practice. However, waste management is still looking for one or a few reasonable solutions that meet modern society’s constraints. The enhancement of some experienced technologies and the full-scale application of emerging technologies and strategies should solve this problem in the short–medium term. A short discussion is reported on the possibility of unifying the nature and the quality of the waste, whatever the olive oil production method is. Furthermore, modern thermochemical treatment for solid wet organic waste disposal is examined and discussed.

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“…The PD gun technology is described in detail in [4,31]. The gasifier contains two main units, the PD gun and flow reactor, and is equipped with systems of fuel, oxygen, and steam supply, as well as a feedstock feeder and syngas dryer.…”

Section: Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since the PD gun operates on deflagration-to-detonation transition, it utilizes very low energy for detonation initiation. The detonation products of natural gas-oxygen-steam mixture represent a blend of up to 80%vol H 2 O and up to 20%vol CO 2 with a temperature above 2200 K [4]. Shock waves and jets of the detonation products form intense vortices in the flow reactor and facilitate gasification of particles of crushed waste.…”

Section: Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All known technologies for noncatalytic thermal conversion of natural gas and gasification of organic wastes can be classified into two groups, namely, low-temperature (800-1300 K) and high-temperature (above 1500 K) [4]. The former technologies are characterized by low-quality syngas [5][6][7][8], low gasification efficiencies [5,7,[9][10][11], complicated control of gas quality caused by long feedstock residence times in the reactor [5,8,11,12], low overall efficiency due to high tar and char contents, and low syngas yields [5,[7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Natural Gas Conversion and Organic Waste Gasification by Detonation-Born Ultra-Superheated Steam: Effect of Reactor Volume

Фролов

Smetanyuk

Садыков

et al. 2022

Fuels

Self Cite

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The pulsed detonation (PD) gun technology was applied for the autothermal high-temperature conversion of natural gas and atmospheric-pressure oxygen-free allothermal gasification of liquid/solid organic wastes by detonation-born ultra-superheated steam (USS) using two flow reactors of essentially different volume: 100 and 40 dm3. Liquid and solid wastes were waste machine oil and wood sawdust, with moisture ranging from 10 to 30%wt. It was expected that decrease in the reactor volume from 100 to 40 dm3, other conditions being equal, on the one hand, should not affect natural gas conversion but, on the other hand, could lead to an increase in the gasification temperature in the flow reactor and, correspondingly, to an increase in the product syngas (H2 + CO) quality. The PD gun was fed by natural gas–oxygen mixture and operated at a frequency of 1 Hz. As was expected, complete conversion of natural gas to product syngas in the PD gun was obtained with H2/CO and CO2/CO ratios equal to 1.25 and 0.25, irrespective of the reactor volume. Liquid and solid wastes were gasified to H2, CO, and CH4 in the flow reactors. The steady-state H2/CO and CO2/CO ratios in the syngas produced from waste machine oil were 0.8 and 0.5 for the 100-dm3 reactor and 0.9 and 0.2 for the 40-dm3 reactor, respectively, thus indicating the expected improvement in syngas quality. Moreover, the maximum mass flow rate of feedstock in the 40-dm3 reactor was increased by a factor of over 4 as compared to the 100-dm3 reactor. The steady-state H2/CO and CO2/CO ratios in the syngas produced from the fixed weight (2 kg) batch of wood sawdust were 0.5 and 0.8 for both reactors, and the gasification time in both reactors was about 5–7 min. The measured H2 vs. CO2 and CO vs. CO2 dependences for the syngas produced by the autothermal high-temperature conversion of natural gas and atmospheric-pressure allothermal gasification of liquid/solid organic wastes by USS at f = 1 Hz were shown to be almost independent of the feedstock and reactor volume due to high values of local instantaneous gasification temperature.

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Organic Waste Gasification: A Selective Review

Cited by 15 publications

References 215 publications

Tar Formation in Gasification Systems: A Holistic Review of Remediation Approaches and Removal Methods

Tar Formation in Gasification Systems: A Holistic Review of Remediation Approaches and Removal Methods

Evolution of the Olive Oil Industry along the Entire Production Chain and Related Waste Management

Natural Gas Conversion and Organic Waste Gasification by Detonation-Born Ultra-Superheated Steam: Effect of Reactor Volume

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