Transferência Monetária No Brasil E No Chile: Comparando Ideias E O Papel De Instrument Constituencies

Abstract

Resumo Este artigo discute a adoção na esfera nacional de políticas disseminadas globalmente. O artigo demonstra a vantagem de se recorrer aos conceitos de comunidade epistêmica e de instrument constituency para examinar não só a disseminação de políticas públicas, mas também analisar a inserção de problemas na agenda política nacional, a discussão de soluções possíveis e a formulação de políticas públicas. Tomamos como caso empírico as políticas de transferência monetária adotadas no Brasil e no Chile e analisamos, de modo comparativo, as principais ideias que fundamentam sua adoção, discutindo como elas informam os desenhos dos programas. Os resultados apontam a existência de comunidades epistêmicas e de instrument constituencies, que atuam no plano local de distintos modos e que se revelam nos dois casos-chave na adoção de políticas de transferência monetária.

Who controls the curriculum? Notes on disciplinary communities from Ivor Goodson

“…Investigations related to different topics, such as acceptance of external assessments, UN speeches, Brazilian health reform, teacher training, environmental and financial policies and accounting reforms, are examples of Haas's concept of an epistemic community. (Addey, 2016;Costa, 2014;De Oliveira and Calderón, 2014;Dias, 2008;Gama and Lopes, 2009;Inoue, 2005;Neves and Gómez-Villegas, 2020;Oliveira and Bichir, 2021;Pinho, 2021;Tomazini and Leite, 2016;Tostes, 2006).…”

“…Investigations related to different topics, such as acceptance of external assessments, UN speeches, Brazilian health reform, teacher training, environmental and financial policies and accounting reforms, are examples of Haas’s concept of an epistemic community. (Addey, 2016; Costa, 2014; De Oliveira and Calderón, 2014; Dias, 2008; Gama and Lopes, 2009; Inoue, 2005; Neves and Gómez-Villegas, 2020; Oliveira and Bichir, 2021; Pinho, 2021; Tomazini and Leite, 2016; Tostes, 2006). According to Haas (1992)Although an epistemic community may consist of professionals from a variety of disciplines and backgrounds, they have (1) a shared set of normative and principled beliefs, which provide a value-based rationale for the social action of community members; (2) shared causal beliefs, derived from their analysis of practices leading or contributing to a central set of problems in their domain and which then serve as the basis for elucidating the multiple linkages between possible policy actions and desired outcomes; (3) shared notions of validity-that is, intersubjective, internally defined criteria for weighing and validating knowledge in the domain of their expertise; and (4) a standard policy enterprise-that is, a set of common practices associated with a set of problems to which their professional competence is directed, presumably out of the conviction that human welfare will be enhanced as a consequence.…”