Transesterification of soybean oil at room temperature using biowaste as catalyst; an experimental investigation on the effect of co-solvent on biodiesel yield

Laskar, Ikbal Bahar; Deshmukhya, Tuhin; Bhanja, Piyali; Paul, Bappi; Gupta, R.; Chatterjee, Sushovan

doi:10.1016/j.renene.2020.08.011

Cited by 58 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…Recently, room-temperature biodiesel production using a heterogeneous substance as a catalyst has been developed. Compounds such as CaO, K 2 O, CaSiO 3 , or Na 2 SiO 3 have been introduced to catalyze the transesterification reaction at ambient pressure and temperature with high biodiesel yield. − Nanocrystalline CaO successfully converts all the soybean oil to biodiesel at room temperature in a 24 h reaction time . Furthermore, the reaction time becomes less using the same compound derived from the waste snail shell which has been previously calcined at 900 °C for 4 h to produce a biodiesel yield of 98% obtained in 7 h Moreover, the transesterification rate has increased significantly and a completed conversion occurred only in 3 h when using calcined coconut husk which contains potassium in the form of carbonate, chloride, and oxide as a catalyst .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Waste Passion Fruit Peel as a Heterogeneous Catalyst for Room-Temperature Biodiesel Production

et al. 2022

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A low-cost, green, and highly active catalyst which could transesterify oil under ambient conditions is required to reduce the biodiesel production cost. A novel heterogeneous catalyst derived from the waste agroproduct has been developed from passion fruit peel. The catalytic activity of calcined waste passion fruit peel (WPFP) which mainly contains potassium in the form of chloride and carbonate has been evaluated using factorial design to determine the interaction of molar ratio of oil to methanol, catalyst weight, and reaction time with three different reaction conditions such as 65, 45 °C, and room temperature. The transesterification of palm oil to biodiesel achieved a conversion of >90% for all variables determined at a reaction temperature of 45 and 65 °C, respectively, while a maximum biodiesel conversion of 95.4 ± 2.8% was obtained at room temperature and a reaction time of 30 min. The addition of certain amounts of the catalyst is required to reuse the catalyst as the leaching study showed the reduction of 22% of catalyst weight. The ability of calcined WPFP to catalyze transesterification at room temperature opens up the possibility to reduce biodiesel production cost.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Waste Passion Fruit Peel as a Heterogeneous Catalyst for Room-Temperature Biodiesel Production

et al. 2022

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“…In most co-solvent catalysts, the preparation tetrahydrofuran is used as a cosolvent for transesterification processes. In experimental work reported in the literature reviewed, a number of researchers have used this technique with success, including [145,[256][257][258]. In their findings, these authors report a high FAME yield of 90 to 98.5% conversion rate using the co-solvent technique of catalyst preparation.…”

Section: Co-solvent Preparation Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of sustainable biodiesel production using biomass derived heterogeneous catalysts

Maroa

Inambao

2021

Engineering in Life Sciences

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The production of biodiesel through chemical production processes of transesterification reaction depends on suitable catalysts to hasten the chemical reactions. Therefore, the initial selection of catalysts is critical although it is also dependent on the quantity of free fatty acids in a given sample of oil. Earlier forms of biodiesel production processes relied on homogeneous catalysts, which have undesirable effects such as toxicity, high flammability, corrosion, by-products such as soap and glycerol, and high wastewater. Heterogeneous catalysts overcome most of these problems. Recent developments involve novel approaches using biomass and bio-waste resource derived heterogeneous catalysts. These catalysts are renewable, non-toxic, reusable, offer high catalytic activity and stability in both acidic and base conditions, and show high tolerance properties to water. This review work critically reviews biomass-based heterogeneous catalysts, especially those utilized in sustainable production of biofuel and biodiesel. This review examines the sustainability of these catalysts in literature in terms of small-scale laboratory and industrial applications in large-scale biodiesel and biofuel production. Furthermore, this work will critically review natural heterogeneous biomass waste and bio-waste catalysts in relation to upcoming nanotechnologies. Finally, this work will review the gaps identified in the literature for heterogeneous catalysts derived from biomass and other biocatalysts with a view to identifying future prospects for heterogeneous catalysts.Abbreviations: Al 2 O 3 , aluminum oxide; Ba, barium; BaO, barium oxide; C=O, carbonyl group; Ca, calcium; Ca 10 (PO 4 ) 6 (OH) 2 , HAP, hydroxyapatite; Ca 2 FeO 5 , calcium ferrite oxide; CaCO 3 , calcium carbonate; CaMg (CO 3 )2, dolomite; CaMnO 3 , orthorhombic perovskite; CaO, calcium oxide; CaO-CeO 2 , cerium (IV) oxide; CaTiO 3 , calcium titanate; CaZrO 3 , calcium zirconate; CH 3 OK, potassium methoxide; CH 3 ONa, sodium methoxide; CO 2 , carbon dioxide; COOH, carboxylic group; CsZrO 2 , chitoson zirconium oxide; DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid; FAAE, fatty acid alkyl esters; FAME, fatty acid methyl ester; Fe 3 O 4 , magnetic oxide (magnetite); FeCl 3 , ferric chloride; FFA, free fatty acid; FTIR, Fourier transform infrared; H 2 SO 4 , sulfuric acid; H 3 PO 4 , phosphoric acid; HCL, hydrochloric acid; HCs, hydrocarbons; HTHP, higher temperatures and pressure; K 2 CO 3 , potassium carbonate; K 2 O, potassium oxide; KF, potassium fluoride; KI, potassium iodide; KNO 3 , potassium nitrate; KOH, potassium hydroxide; La 2 O 3 , lanthanum oxide; Li/ZnO, lithium (Li) doped zinc oxide;

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“…Penelitian selanjutnya menggunakan bahan baku limbah minyak goreng yaitu transesterifikasi minyak goreng bekas mendapatkan yield 72,7% pada rasio massa co-solvent aseton:metanol = 1:2, rasio molar minyak:metanol = 12:1, waktu reaksi 15 menit, suhu reaksi 27⁰ C dan putaran pengaduk 600 rpm [2]. Penelitian dengan bahan baku minyak kedelai tetapi dengan katalis yang berbeda yaitu transesterifikasi minyak kedelai dengan katalis CaO 3% wt., mendapatkan yield 98% pada massa co-solvent aseton 20%, rasio molar minyak:metanol = 6:1, waktu reaksi 2 jam dan suhu ruang [3]. Penelitian lain dengan bahan baku limbah minyak goreng yaitu transesterifikasi minyak jelantah dengan katalis Ca 2 Al 2 O 3 1,2% wt., mendapatkan konversi 97,98% dengan massa co-solvent aseton 20%, rasio molar minyak:metanol = 6:1, suhu reaksi 55⁰ C dan waktu reaksi 25 menit [4].…”

Section: Pendahuluanunclassified

Produksi Biodiesel Dari Minyak Kelapa Sawit Dengan Co-Solvent Fame (Fatty Acid Methyl Esters) Dan Aplikasinya Pada Motor Bakar

Daryono

Mustiadi²

2022

JRM

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The process of transesterification is slow due to the low solubility of triglycerides in methanol. The limitation of mass transfer can be overcome by adding a co-solvent. Co-solvent FAME is the right choice because it is the product of the reaction itself so that it does not require a separation process. The purpose of this study was to examine the use of FAME as a co-solvent in the transesterification of palm oil and its application to the combustion engine. The operating conditions were palm oil mass of 250 gr, NaOH catalyst 1.2% wt, stirring speed 100 rpm, reaction temperature 70oC, ratio molar of oil:methanol =1:6, reaction time (5,10,15,20,25,30 minutes), and co-solvent (0,5,10,15% wt). After the optimum conditions are obtained, the next step is to make biodiesel on a semi pilot plant scale. Oil, methanol, NaOH and co-solvent were put into a stirred reactor and heated at a reaction temperature of 70⁰C. After the reaction is complete then it is flowed into the separator for separation by adding hot water to form 2 layers. The top layer is biodiesel which was analyzed and performance test on the combustion engine. The optimum condition of the process is a reaction time of 10 minutes and the addition of 10% co-solvent, with a yield of 76.7783%. The results of the analysis of SNI 7182:2012 states that biodiesel meets almost all requirements. From the biodiesel performance test on the combustion engine, B10 got quite satisfactory results for the torque and opacity test parameters.

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Transesterification of soybean oil at room temperature using biowaste as catalyst; an experimental investigation on the effect of co-solvent on biodiesel yield

Cited by 58 publications

References 76 publications

Waste Passion Fruit Peel as a Heterogeneous Catalyst for Room-Temperature Biodiesel Production

Waste Passion Fruit Peel as a Heterogeneous Catalyst for Room-Temperature Biodiesel Production

A review of sustainable biodiesel production using biomass derived heterogeneous catalysts

Produksi Biodiesel Dari Minyak Kelapa Sawit Dengan Co-Solvent Fame (Fatty Acid Methyl Esters) Dan Aplikasinya Pada Motor Bakar

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