Produksi Biodiesel Dari Minyak Kelapa Sawit Dengan Co-Solvent Fame (Fatty Acid Methyl Esters) Dan Aplikasinya Pada Motor Bakar

Abstract

The process of transesterification is slow due to the low solubility of triglycerides in methanol. The limitation of mass transfer can be overcome by adding a co-solvent. Co-solvent FAME is the right choice because it is the product of the reaction itself so that it does not require a separation process. The purpose of this study was to examine the use of FAME as a co-solvent in the transesterification of palm oil and its application to the combustion engine. The operating conditions were palm oil mass of 250 gr, NaOH catalyst 1.2% wt, stirring speed 100 rpm, reaction temperature 70oC, ratio molar of oil:methanol =1:6, reaction time (5,10,15,20,25,30 minutes), and co-solvent (0,5,10,15% wt). After the optimum conditions are obtained, the next step is to make biodiesel on a semi pilot plant scale. Oil, methanol, NaOH and co-solvent were put into a stirred reactor and heated at a reaction temperature of 70⁰C. After the reaction is complete then it is flowed into the separator for separation by adding hot water to form 2 layers. The top layer is biodiesel which was analyzed and performance test on the combustion engine. The optimum condition of the process is a reaction time of 10 minutes and the addition of 10% co-solvent, with a yield of 76.7783%. The results of the analysis of SNI 7182:2012 states that biodiesel meets almost all requirements. From the biodiesel performance test on the combustion engine, B10 got quite satisfactory results for the torque and opacity test parameters.

Test of Biodiesel From Used Cooking Oil From Dormitory X on Opacity and Exhaust Emissions Hc, Co and Co2

“…However, the results of this study are in line with the research of Syaiful and Budiman (2011) who found that the use of Isuzu Panther vehicle engines with indirect and diesel injection produces gas contaminated with O2 and incomplete combustion. Daryono and Mustiadi (2022) stated that biodiesel is a sulfur-free bioenergy and contains 10-12% O2, so it can reduce pollution and exhaust gas concentrations, meaning that the more biodiesel added the better it will be because the smaller the concentration test value, the more good means that the result of exhaust gas concentration is getting smaller but has an optimum limit.…”

Interesterification Process of Palm Oil Into Biodiesel with Co-solvent Methyl Esters

“…Penggunaan metil ester sebagai co-solvent akan menghemat biaya produksi karena tidak perlu proses pemisahan di akhir reaksi (Daryono dan Sinaga, 2016). Pada transesterifikasi minyak kelapa sawit dengan penambahan co-solvent metil ester 10% di awal reaksi, mendapatkan yield 82,2558% pada waktu reaksi 5 menit dan massa katalis NaOH 1,2% massa minyak (Daryono dan Mustiadi, 2017). Park dkk., (2009), mendapatkan konsentrasi metil ester 86% pada transesterifikasi dengan penambahan cosolvent FAME 10% di awal reaksi, rasio molar minyak:metanol = 1:6, massa KOH 0,8% massa minyak, suhu reaksi 70⁰C, waktu reaksi 2 jam dan kecepatan pengaduk 100 rpm.…”