Transcriptomics and the Mediterranean Diet: A Systematic Review

Abstract

The Mediterranean diet has been proven to be highly effective in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases and cancer and in decreasing overall mortality. Nowadays, transcriptomics is gaining particular relevance due to the existence of non-coding RNAs capable of regulating many biological processes. The present work describes a systematic review of current evidence supporting the influence of the Mediterranean diet on transcriptomes of different tissues in various experimental models. While information on regulatory RNA is very limited, they seem to contribute to the effect. Special attention has been given to the oily matrix of virgin olive oil. In this regard, monounsaturated fatty acid-rich diets prevented the expression of inflammatory genes in different tissues, an action also observed after the administration of olive oil phenolic compounds. Among these, tyrosol, hydroxytyrosol, and secoiridoids have been found to be particularly effective in cell cycle expression. Less explored terpenes, such as oleanolic acid, are important modulators of circadian clock genes. The wide range of studied tissues and organisms indicate that response to these compounds is universal and poses an important level of complexity considering the different genes expressed in each tissue and the number of different tissues in an organism.

Identification of potential biomarkers in cervical cancer with combined public mRNA and miRNA expression microarray data analysis

“…This screening uses miniaturized and multiplexed parallel processing and detection methods. It is popular technology in recent years ( 10 , 11 ) and is commonly used to obtain data regarding genetic alterations during tumorigenesis ( 12 , 13 ). This data may be critical in the identification of biomarkers.…”

Anti-Atherosclerotic Effect of a Polyphenol-Rich Ingredient, Oleactiv®, in a Hypercholesterolemia-Induced Golden Syrian Hamster Model

“…Moreover, it is noteworthy that grape polyphenols, namely catechin and epicatechin, have also been demonstrated to provide similar antioxidant capacities towards both LDL-C and HDL-C [ 28 ], and consequently might, on the one hand, limit the LDL-C-based foam cell production, and, on the other hand, have a positive effect on HDL-C-mediated CEC functionality. Regarding the oxidative-based LDL-C foam cell production, various authors have even reported that polyphenol bioactive compounds from olive oil such as the phenylethanoid, hydroxytyrol, or the secoirodoid, oleuropein, have the ability to differentially express 98 genes in humans (up- and down-regulation), of which some are involved in inflammation or in redox homeostasis [ 29 ]. Among the upregulated genes, paraoxonase 1 (PON1) participates in this activity, probably in combination with other HDL-C-associated enzymes [ 30 ].…”

H19 functions as a competing endogenous RNA to regulate human epidermal growth factor receptor expression by sequestering let‑7c in gastric cancer

“…lncRNAs are RNA transcripts consisting of ~200 nucleotides with no protein-encoding functions (21). An increasing number of studies have suggested that the molecular mechanisms of carcinogenesis are relevant not only to protein-encoding genes, but also to non-coding RNAs (22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27). Previous findings have indicated that functional alterations of specific lncRNAs promote tumor formation, progression and metastasis in various human malignancies (28).…”