Transcriptional signatures of parasitization and markers of colony decline in Varroa-infested honey bees (Apis mellifera)

Honey Bee Antiviral Immune Barriers as Affected by Multiple Stress Factors: A Novel Paradigm to Interpret Colony Health Decline and Collapse

“…The importance of these poorly characterized antiviral barriers under NF-κB control has been further corroborated by the fact that the virulence strategy adopted by DWV largely relies on negative regulation of this transcription factor [ 23 ]. Later, a significant downregulation of dorsal was observed also in other studies on mite infested/virus infected honey bees [ 24 , 25 ] and the role in antiviral defense was confirmed in Drosophila [ 26 ].…”

“…Accumulating experimental data on honey bees strongly support the view that nutrition is implicated in the modulation of the intricate network of metabolic pathways, which cross-modulate bee immunity [ 37 ]. Indeed, a number of genes belonging to metabolic pathways show an altered expression pattern in response to mite infestation coupled with DWV infection [ 25 ]. Moreover, the supply of pollen to such bees extends longevity and reduces viral infection [ 38 ] through mechanisms which are currently being investigated.…”

Honey Bee and Bumble Bee Antiviral Defense

“…There are several reports on the transcriptional level perturbations associated with virus infection and/or mite infestation of honey bees [ 87 , 93 , 97 , 125 , 126 , 127 , 149 , 150 , 151 , 152 ]. Even though these studies vary in terms of virus, infection route, inoculated versus field-acquired infections, bee age, sample date, and whether the presence of co-occurring infections were or were not examined, there were some general trends observed including increased expression of several AMPs (i.e., apidaecin , hymenoptaecin , abaecin , lysozyme and defensins ), immune genes (e.g., peptidoglycan recognition protein (PGRP)-S2 , TEPs, prophenoloxidase, eater ), transcription factors, components of the RNAi machinery (i.e., dicer and argonaute-2 ) and differential expression of genes involved in metabolic pathways and cellular differentiation [ 87 , 93 , 97 , 125 , 126 , 127 , 149 , 151 , 152 ].…”

“…Together, several studies have demonstrated the key role of the NF-κB/Dorsal-1A pathway in limiting virus infection, including studies that determined that reduced expression of dorsal-1A , both experimentally and naturally, favored virus proliferation [ 93 ]. Furthermore, the NF-κB/Dorsal-1A pathway regulates the expression of Amel\102 , which is an immune gene likely involved in melanization and encapsulation; Amel\102 expression is reduced in DWV-infected bees [ 85 , 150 ]. Mite infestation and DWV levels are often correlated, though the immune response varies [ 87 , 93 , 150 , 159 ].…”

Поширення Вароозу Медоносних Бджіл На Території Полтавської Області

“…Також науковцями доведено, що збудник V. destructor не тільки викликає патологічні зміни в організмі бджіл, але і сприяє поширенню інших захворювань, таких як: американський і європейський гнилець, вірусний параліч, вірус деформованого крила, ноземоз, аскароз тощо [8,14,27]. Тому актуальним є дослідження особливостей поширення вароозу медоносних бджіл у різних географічнокліматичних регіонах України, що дозволить своєчасно та ефективно застосовувати сучасні заходи щодо боротьби та профілактики даної інвазії.…”