Transcranial Ultrasound (TUS) Effects on Mental States: A Pilot Study

Hameroff, Stuart R.; Trakas, Michael; Duffield, C; Annabi, Emil; Gerace, M. Bagambhrini; Boyle, Patrick; Lucas, Anthony; Amos, Quinlan; Buadu, Annemarie; Badal, John J.

doi:10.1016/j.brs.2012.05.002

Cited by 183 publications

(175 citation statements)

References 37 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

151

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…This approach is based on the widely recognized feature of ultrasounds to transmit waves of compression and relaxation in biological tissues with resulting changes in organ, cellular and molecular structures that can be exploited in the context of therapy (Leinenga et al, 2016). Thus, we have recently demonstrated that non-thermal ultrasounds induce quasi-instantaneous changes in human neurons and murine microglial cells in vitro with results that are consistent with the observed effects of ultrasounds on mental states Bocchi et al, 2015;Hameroff et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 66%

“…We have previously demonstrated that such an increase corresponds to the activation of cells of the immune system inside the spleen, with particular reference to macrophages . Thus, the mechanical waves of compression and relaxation of therapeutic ultrasounds "squeeze" the organ, presumably at the level of the microscopic anatomy of spleen as well as at the level of cellular and molecular structures such as the proteins of the cytoskeleton (Hameroff et al, 2013). We hypothesize that mobilization of pathogens or toxins from sanctuaries or reservoirs is followed by their elimination through the urine and this phenomenon should optimize the sensitivity of the urine DNA test.…”

Section: Description Of the Rk Protocolmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More recently, we have demonstrated that ultrasounds elicit cellular and molecular responses in neurons and glial cells that are consistent with their effects on mental states and can be exploited in the context of therapy Bocchi et al, 2015;Hameroff et al, 2013;Leinenga et al, 2016). Based on these evidence, we incorporated transcranial ultrasonography in the RK Protocol.…”

Section: Description Of the Rk Protocolmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We and others have previously demonstrated that ultrasounds could be directed toward specific areas of the brain using carefully selected acoustic windows such as the temporal squama (Ruggiero et al, 2013;Hameroff et al, 2013;Bradstreet et al, 2014).…”

Section: Description Of the Rk Protocolmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

The Ruggiero-Klinghardt (RK) Protocol for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Conditions with Particular Focus on Lyme Disease

Klinghardt¹,

Ruggiero²

2017

American Journal of Immunology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract:Here we describe the Ruggiero-Klinghardt (RK) Protocol that is based on integration of Autonomic Response Testing (ART) with diagnostic ultrasonography and on application of therapeutic ultrasounds; the latter are used as a provocation tool and as an instrument to optimize drug uptake and utilization in specific areas of the body. This protocol consists of a precise sequence of diagnostic and therapeutic procedures with the ultimate goal of improving sensitivity and specificity of diagnosis at the same time evaluating and optimizing efficacy of treatments in chronic conditions including, but not limited to, persistent Lyme disease. The RK Protocol represents a paradigm shift in diagnostics and therapeutics: Thus, compartmentalized microbes, transformed cells, toxins and metabolites could be detected using a safe and non-invasive method. In addition, the RK Protocol allows optimization of efficacy of drugs and other therapeutic interventions. Although the RK Protocol was initially developed for persistent Lyme disease, it shows significant potential in conditions ranging from cancer to neurodegenerative diseases and autism. In oncology, the RK Protocol may serve to facilitate early diagnosis and to increase sensitivity of cancer cells to the killing effects of a variety of remedies ranging from conventional radio-and chemotherapy to more recent forms of immunotherapy. Thus, the 1st goal of the RK Protocol is diagnostic: That is, to make pathogens, toxins, transformed cells and cells infected by viruses that are inaccessible to conventional diagnostic and therapeutic tools, "visible" to the therapist who can detect them with laboratory methods and deal with them with appropriate interventions; and also to make them "visible" to the immune system that can fight them in a physiological manner. The 2nd goal is to optimize drug uptake and utilization in the organs and tissues studied and targeted with these procedures.

show abstract

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Section: Description Of the Rk Protocolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Description Of the Rk Protocolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Description Of the Rk Protocolmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The Ruggiero-Klinghardt (RK) Protocol for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Conditions with Particular Focus on Lyme Disease

Klinghardt¹,

Ruggiero²

2017

American Journal of Immunology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…When transcranial focused ultrasound was applied to the human primary somatosensory cortex, results showed that it enhanced the discrimination abilities of the volunteers as compared to the sham condition (Legon et al 2014). Pilot studies indicates that transcranial ultrasound can alter mood and pain perception for up to 40 minutes when applied to the prefrontal cortex (Hameroff et al 2013). It is thought that focused ultrasound may locally inhibit neuron firing, potentially inhibiting the spread of cortical excitation in response to a stimulus.…”

Section: Other Interfacesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Survey of Technologies for Brain Computer Interface Developments to Treat Neuropsychiatric Disorders

Tromp¹

The Winnower

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A Review of the Current Therapies, Challenges, and Future Directions of Transcranial Focused Ultrasound Technology

2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

right-handed woman in her 90s presented with essential tremor involving bilateral arms, head, and voice. The tremors started 15 years ago and progressively became disabling. She had failed propranolol hydrochloride, primidone, and gabapentin, but she had an unremarkable medical history otherwise. Her examination revealed considerable symmetric tremor, with a Clinical Rating Scale for Tremor (score range: 0-132, with the highest score indicating severe tremor) score of 88 and scores of 38 in subscale A (at rest, posture, and action), 26 in subscale B (drawing spiral, handwriting), 24 in subscale C (quality-of-life), and 26 in subscales A and B (right-side tremor). The remainder of the neurological examina-tion results were unremarkable. Preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed periventricular white-matter changes and mild age-related diffuse atrophy.After a multidisciplinary evaluation, she was not recommended for ventral intermediate nucleus (VIM) deep brain stimulation (DBS) due to her advanced age. Instead, she was offered focused ultrasound (FUS) thalamotomy. Computed tomography imaging determined that her skull was suitable for ultrasonographic treatment; her skull homogeneity was greater than 0.4, as calculated by skull density ratio (SDR, which is the median ratio of skull density between cortical and trabecular bone; higher SDR IMPORTANCE Magnetic resonance imaging-guided focused ultrasound ablation has been approved for the treatment of refractory essential tremor and is being studied for other neurological indications, including dyskinesias and tremor in Parkinson disease, dystonia, neuropathic pain, obsessive-compulsive disorder, epilepsy, and brain tumors. OBJECTIVE To review the scientific foundations of FUS technology, existing neurological applications, and future advances.EVIDENCE REVIEW PubMed was searched for the past 10 years using the terms "transcranial ultrasound," "focused ultrasound," and "neurological applications." Relevant references were selected from the author's reference collection. From the 2855 unique records, 243 publications were screened. After excluding abstracts detailing in vitro studies or non-neurological applications, 86 full texts were retrieved for qualitative review.FINDINGS Advances in the transducer design and electronic phase correction have allowed efficient focusing of ultrasounds for transcranial treatment. The mid-frequency (650 kHz) transducer can make small (4-6 mm in diameter) and precise (accuracy of <2 mm) brain lesions. The treatment monitoring is achieved via "live" anatomical thermography imaging and clinical feedback. The initial results from its clinical application in movement disorders are encouraging. Emerging applications in epilepsy and neurobehavioral and cognitive disorders are being explored. The low-frequency (220 kHz) transducer coupled with microbubbles can potentially enable targeted drug delivery for novel applications, such as Alzheimer disease and brain tumors. Finally, neuromodulation with subthreshold sonications may allow...

show abstract

Transcranial Ultrasound (TUS) Effects on Mental States: A Pilot Study

Cited by 183 publications

References 37 publications

The Ruggiero-Klinghardt (RK) Protocol for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Conditions with Particular Focus on Lyme Disease

The Ruggiero-Klinghardt (RK) Protocol for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Conditions with Particular Focus on Lyme Disease

A Survey of Technologies for Brain Computer Interface Developments to Treat Neuropsychiatric Disorders

A Review of the Current Therapies, Challenges, and Future Directions of Transcranial Focused Ultrasound Technology

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About