Transcranial photobiomodulation treats Alzheimer’s disease in amyloid-β protein precursor transgenic mice

Taboada, Luis De; Hamblin, Michael R.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-815305-5.00015-4

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…This immediate early gene is one of the first groups of genes that express within minutes after synaptic and neuronal activation triggered by extracellular stimulation and it is involved in cell proliferation and differentiation (Velazquez et al, 2015;Li et al, 2021). As in the CCO studies, results are controversial: several research studies have achieved an increase of c-Fos protein expression but others found a decrease of its expression in several brain areas in healthy and disease models (Nadur-Andrade et al, 2016;De Taboada and Hamblin, 2019;Arias et al, 2020;Li et al, 2021; Table 1). By contrast, in our study, we did not achieve any alterations in the c-Fos protein expression between young groups in males or females after light application.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

No Effects of Photobiomodulation on Prefrontal Cortex and Hippocampal Cytochrome C Oxidase Activity and Expression of c-Fos Protein of Young Male and Female Rats

et al. 2022

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The role of light in our biological processes and systems is extensively known. In addition, the use of light devices has been introduced in the field of healthcare as an opportunity to administer power light at specific wavelengths to improve our body functions and counteract light deficiency. One of these techniques is photobiomodulation (PBM), which uses red to infrared light in a non-invasive way to stimulate, heal, regenerate, and protect tissue. The main proposed mechanism of action is the stimulation of the cytochrome c oxidase (CCO), the terminal enzyme in the mitochondrial electron transport chain. PBM has achieved positive effects on brain activity and behavioral function of several adult animal models of health and disease, the potential use of this technique in developing stages is not surprising. This research aims to examine the effects of PBM on the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of 23 day-old healthy male (n = 31) and female (n = 30) Wistar rats. Three groups of each sex were used: a PBM group which received 5 days of PBM, a device group submitted to the same conditions but without light radiation, and a control basal group. CCO histochemistry and c-Fos immunostaining were used to analyze brain metabolic activity and immediate early genes activation, respectively. Results displayed no metabolic differences between the three groups in both sexes. The same results were found in the analysis of c-Fos positive cells, reporting no differences between groups. This research, in contrast to the PBM consequences reported in healthy adult subjects, showed a lack of PBM effects in the brain markers we examined in young healthy rat brains. At this stage, brain function, specifically brain mitochondrial function, is not disturbed so it could be that the action of PBM in the mitochondria may not be detectable using the analysis of CCO activity and c-Fos protein expression. Further studies are needed to examine in depth the effects of PBM in brain development, cognitive functions and postnatal disorders, along with the exploration of the optimal light parameters.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

No Effects of Photobiomodulation on Prefrontal Cortex and Hippocampal Cytochrome C Oxidase Activity and Expression of c-Fos Protein of Young Male and Female Rats

et al. 2022

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“…Prior studies using both animal and human models have shown the beneficial effects of PBM in AD. In AD animal models, the most common effect is the reduction of amyloid plaques by a decrease of the Aβ peptide neuropathology [ 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 ]. In human models, PBM has shown beneficial neurocognitive effects in older adults while performing the psychomotor vigilance task, sustained attention, and memory task [ 34 ] Moreover, PBM treatment has improved cognition skills in a small sample of AD patients [ 35 , 36 , 37 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Transcranial Light Therapy Improves Synaptic Plasticity in the Alzheimer’s Disease Mouse Model

et al. 2022

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Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the main cause of dementia worldwide. Emerging non-invasive treatments such as photobiomodulation target the mitochondria to minimize brain damage, improving cognitive functions. In this work, an experimental design was carried out to evaluate the effect of transcranial light therapy (TLTC) on synaptic plasticity (SP) and cognitive functions in an AD animal model. Twenty-three mice were separated into two general groups: an APP/PS1 (ALZ) transgenic group and a wild-type (WT) group. Each group was randomly subdivided into two subgroups: mice with and without TLTC, depending on whether they would undergo treatment with TLTC. Cognitive function, measured through an object recognition task, showed non-significant improvement after TLTC. SP, on the other hand, was evaluated using four electrophysiological parameters from the Schaffer-CA1 collateral hippocampal synapses: excitatory field potentials (fEPSP), paired pulse facilitation (PPF), long-term depression (LTD), and long-term potentiation (LTP). An improvement was observed in subjects treated with TLTC, showing higher levels of LTP than those transgenic mice that were not exposed to the treatment. Therefore, the results obtained in this work showed that TLTC could be an efficient non-invasive treatment for AD-associated SP deficits.

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Neurotechnological Approaches to the Diagnosis and Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease

et al. 2022

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Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia in the elderly, clinically defined by progressive cognitive decline and pathologically, by brain atrophy, neuroinflammation, and accumulation of extracellular amyloid plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles. Neurotechnological approaches, including optogenetics and deep brain stimulation, have exploded as new tools for not only the study of the brain but also for application in the treatment of neurological diseases. Here, we review the current state of AD therapeutics and recent advancements in both invasive and non-invasive neurotechnologies that can be used to ameliorate AD pathology, including neurostimulation via optogenetics, photobiomodulation, electrical stimulation, ultrasound stimulation, and magnetic neurostimulation, as well as nanotechnologies employing nanovectors, magnetic nanoparticles, and quantum dots. We also discuss the current challenges in developing these neurotechnological tools and the prospects for implementing them in the treatment of AD and other neurodegenerative diseases.

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Transcranial photobiomodulation treats Alzheimer’s disease in amyloid-β protein precursor transgenic mice

Cited by 3 publications

References 34 publications

No Effects of Photobiomodulation on Prefrontal Cortex and Hippocampal Cytochrome C Oxidase Activity and Expression of c-Fos Protein of Young Male and Female Rats

No Effects of Photobiomodulation on Prefrontal Cortex and Hippocampal Cytochrome C Oxidase Activity and Expression of c-Fos Protein of Young Male and Female Rats

The Transcranial Light Therapy Improves Synaptic Plasticity in the Alzheimer’s Disease Mouse Model

Neurotechnological Approaches to the Diagnosis and Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease

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