No Effects of Photobiomodulation on Prefrontal Cortex and Hippocampal Cytochrome C Oxidase Activity and Expression of c-Fos Protein of Young Male and Female Rats

Gutiérrez-Menéndez, Alba; Martínez, J.A.; Méndez, Marta; Árias, Jorge L.

doi:10.3389/fnins.2022.897225

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Our previous study demonstrated that PBM has no effect on normal animals 68 . Moreover, a recent study measured the impact of PBM (810 nm laser, continuous wave, from postnatal day 24 to day 28) on the hippocampus of healthy rat pups, and no significant metabolic alternations were observed 78 . To explore if early PBM treatment can influence postnatal development and behavioral outcomes in normal animals, we also examined weight change of animals treated with PBM alone.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photobiomodulation attenuates oligodendrocyte dysfunction and prevents adverse neurological consequences in a rat model of early life adversity

Huang¹,

Zhang²,

Ma³

et al. 2023

Theranostics

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Rationale: Adverse experiences in early life including abuse, trauma and neglect, have been linked to poor physical and mental health outcomes. Emerging evidence implies that those who experienced early life adversity (ELA) are more likely to develop cognitive dysfunction and depressive-like symptoms in adulthood. The molecular mechanisms responsible for the negative consequences of ELA, however, remain unclear. In the absence of effective management options, anticipatory guidance is the mainstay of ELA prevention. Furthermore, there is no available treatment that prevents or alleviates the neurologic sequelae of ELA, especially traumatic stress. Hence, the present study aims to investigate the mechanisms for these associations and evaluate whether photobiomodulation (PBM), a non-invasive therapeutic procedure, can prevent the negative cognitive and behavioral manifestations of ELA in later life. Methods: ELA was induced by repeated inescapable electric foot shock of rats from postnatal day 21 to 26. On the day immediately following the last foot shock, 2-min daily PBM treatment was applied transcranially for 7 consecutive days. Cognitive dysfunction and depression-like behaviors were measured by a battery of behavioral tests in adulthood. Subsequently, oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) differentiation, the proliferation and apoptosis of oligodendrocyte lineage cells (OLs), mature oligodendrocyte, myelinating oligodendrocyte, the level of oxidative damage, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and total antioxidant capacity were measured and analyzed using immunofluorescence staining, capillary-based immunoassay (ProteinSimple®) and antioxidant assay kit. Results: The rats exposed to ELA exhibited obvious oligodendrocyte dysfunction, including a reduction in OPCs differentiation, diminished generation and survival of OLs, decreased OLs, and decreased matured oligodendrocyte. Furthermore, a deficit in myelinating oligodendrocytes was observed, in conjunction with an imbalance in redox homeostasis and accumulated oxidative damage. These alternations were concomitant with cognitive dysfunction and depression-like behaviors. Importantly, we found that early PBM treatment largely prevented these pathologies and reversed the neurologic sequelae resulting from ELA. Conclusions: Collectively, these findings provide new insights into the mechanism by which ELA affects neurological outcomes. Moreover, our findings support that PBM may be a promising strategy to prevent ELA-induced neurologic sequelae that develops later in life.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photobiomodulation attenuates oligodendrocyte dysfunction and prevents adverse neurological consequences in a rat model of early life adversity

Huang¹,

Zhang²,

Ma³

et al. 2023

Theranostics

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“…It is essential to analyse the effect of PBM including sex as an independent variable, to avoid sex and gender bias in neuroscience research [ 26 , 30 ]. To address this issue, analyses were performed considering treatment and sex as the main factors and also the interaction effect between them, aligned with previous studies [ 28 ]. No Sex x Treatment interaction effect was found in any brain region, but analyses revealed sex differences, showing that CCO activity in CG, CA1, CA3, RSG, RSD, and PAR is higher in males.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this line, the study of Mällo et al (2009) revealed sexual dimorphism, with males displaying a higher CCO activity under control and stress conditions [ 31 ], similar to [ 32 ]. Also, CCO expression has been found to differ between sexes in several behavioural tasks [ 28 , 33 – 35 ], emphasising the need to include females in experimental and preclinical studies to determine whether they respond differently.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photobiomodulation increases brain metabolic activity through a combination of 810 and 660 wavelengths: a comparative study in male and female rats

Zorzo,

Rodríguez-Fernández,

Martínez

et al. 2024

Lasers Med Sci

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Photobiomodulation (PBM), an emerging and non-invasive intervention, has been shown to benefit the nervous system by modifying the mitochondrial cytochrome c-oxidase (CCO) enzyme, which has red (620–680 nm) or infrared (760–825 nm) spectral absorption peaks. The effect of a single 810-nm wavelength with a combination of 810 nm and 660 nm lights in the brain metabolic activity of male and female rats was compared. PBM, with a wavelength of 810 nm and a combination of 810 nm and 660 nm, was applied for 5 days on the prefrontal cortex. Then, brain metabolic activity in the prefrontal area, hippocampus, retrosplenial, and parietal cortex was explored. Sex differences were found in cortical and subcortical regions, indicating higher male brain oxidative metabolism, regardless of treatment. CCO activity in the cingulate and prelimbic area, dentate gyrus, retrosplenial and parietal cortex was enhanced in both treatments (810 + 660 nm and 810 nm). Moreover, using the combination of waves, CCO increased in the infralimbic area, and in CA1 and CA3 of the hippocampus. Thus, employment of a single NIR treatment or a combination of red to NIR treatment led to slight differences in CCO activity across the limbic system, suggesting that a combination of lights of the spectrum may be relevant.

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“…This result corresponds to publication showing no metabolic change by PBM in healthy animal brain. The authors of this manuscript claim that PBM therapy would be effective in subjects whose normal physiology is compromised [78]. In addition, no response of PBM in other brain areas where minimal damage from PI induced SE is expected (Additional file 1: Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photobiomodulation improves the synapses and cognitive function and ameliorates epileptic seizure by inhibiting downregulation of Nlgn3

et al. 2023

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Background Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) remains one of the most drug-resistant focal epilepsies. Glutamate excitotoxicity and neuroinflammation which leads to loss of synaptic proteins and neuronal death appear to represent a pathogen that characterizes the neurobiology of TLE. Photobiomodulation (PBM) is a rapidly growing therapy for the attenuation of neuronal degeneration harboring non-invasiveness benefits. However, the detailed effects of PBM on excitotoxicity or neuroinflammation remain unclear. We investigated whether tPBM exerts neuroprotective effects on hippocampal neurons in epilepsy mouse model by regulating synapse and synapse-related genes. Methods In an in vitro study, we performed imaging analysis and western blot in primary hippocampal neurons from embryonic (E17) rat pups. In an in vivo study, RNA sequencing was performed to identify the gene regulatory by PBM. Histological stain and immunohistochemistry analyses were used to assess synaptic connections, neuroinflammation and neuronal survival. Behavioral tests were used to evaluate the effects of PBM on cognitive functions. Results PBM was upregulated synaptic connections in an in vitro. In addition, it was confirmed that transcranial PBM reduced synaptic degeneration, neuronal apoptosis, and neuroinflammation in an in vivo. These effects of PBM were supported by RNA sequencing results showing the relation of PBM with gene regulatory networks of neuronal functions. Specifically, Nlgn3 showed increase after PBM and silencing the Nlgn3 reversed the positive effect of PBM in in vitro. Lastly, behavioral alterations including hypoactivity, anxiety and impaired memory were recovered along with the reduction of seizure score in PBM-treated mice. Conclusions Our findings demonstrate that PBM attenuates epileptic excitotoxicity, neurodegeneration and cognitive decline induced by TLE through inhibition of the Nlgn3 gene decrease induced by excitotoxicity. Graphical Abstract

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No Effects of Photobiomodulation on Prefrontal Cortex and Hippocampal Cytochrome C Oxidase Activity and Expression of c-Fos Protein of Young Male and Female Rats

Cited by 6 publications

References 57 publications

Photobiomodulation attenuates oligodendrocyte dysfunction and prevents adverse neurological consequences in a rat model of early life adversity

Photobiomodulation attenuates oligodendrocyte dysfunction and prevents adverse neurological consequences in a rat model of early life adversity

Photobiomodulation increases brain metabolic activity through a combination of 810 and 660 wavelengths: a comparative study in male and female rats

Photobiomodulation improves the synapses and cognitive function and ameliorates epileptic seizure by inhibiting downregulation of Nlgn3

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