Training-overtraining: influence of a defined increase in training volume vs training intensity on performance, catecholamines and some metabolic parameters in experienced middle- and long-distance runners

Abstract

The influence of an increase in training volume (ITV; February 1989) vs intensity (ITI; February 1990) on performance, catecholamines, energy metabolism and serum lipids was examined in two studies on eight, and nine experienced middle- or long-distance runners; seven participated in both studies. During ITV, mean training volume was doubled from 85.9 km.week-1 (pretrial phase) to 174.6 km within 3 weeks. Some 96%-98% of the training was performed at 67 (SD 8)% of maximal performance. During ITI, speed-endurance, high-speed and interval runs increased within 3 weeks from 9 km.week-1 (pretrial phase) to 22.7 km.week-1 and the total training distance from 61.6 to 84.7 km.week-1. The ITV resulted in stagnation of running velocity at 4 mmol lactate concentration and a decrease in total running distance in the increment test. Heart rate, energy metabolic parameters, nocturnal urinary catecholamine excretion, low density, very low density lipoprotein-cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations decreased significantly; the exercise-related catecholamine plasma concentrations increased at an identical exercise intensity. The ITI produced an improvement in running velocity at 4 mmol lactate concentration and in total running distance in the increment test; heart rate, energy metabolic parameters, nocturnal catecholamine excretion, and serum lipids remained nearly constant, and the exercise-related plasma catecholamine concentrations decreased at an identical exercise intensity. The ITV-related changes in metabolism and catecholamines may have indicated an exhaustion syndrome in the majority of the athletes examined but this hypothesis has to be proven by future experimental studies.

Utilização de métodos invasivo e não invasivo na predição das performances aeróbia e anaeróbia em nadadores de nível nacional

“…Maglischo (24) sugeriu, como forma de avaliar a capacidade anaeróbia, a determinação da concentração de lactato sanguíneo após esforços máximos, sendo que baixos valores de lactato, juntamente com desempenhos insatisfatórios, poderiam indicar a deterioração desta capacidade. No entanto, a diminuição da concentração sanguínea de lactato após esforços máximos pode ser devida a um estado de supertreinamento (6,16,20,42). Também são freqüentes metodologias que avaliam a força dos nadadores, fora da água, utilizando o banco de nado "swim bench" (38) e, na água, em situação de nado atado (3,13,17,23,25,29,32,33).…”

Hormonal Responses to Endurance Training and Overtraining in Female Athletes

“…There are many previous studies on catecholamine, cortisol, and testosterone responses to training during rest and exercise (13,35,37) and in the overtraining state (1, 6,14,16,20,22,28,34). There is growing consensus regarding the acute hormonal responses to one exercise session, but there is clear disagreement on the hormonal responses to long-term training and to the resulting overtraining state (34).…”

Effects of 4 Weeks High-Intensity Training on Running and Cycling Performance in Well-Trained Triathletes

“…Therefore, in some athletes, elevated training intensity in running may be counter-productive. 30 However, this requires further investigation. Also the velocity average during the cycle TT were lower (5.1%), HR peak , during maximal test in the treadmill, also decreased for the run group while Bike group maintained it.…”