Trade and structural change: NICs and next tier NICs as transitional economies

Trade liberalisation and endogenous growth: Some evidence for Turkey

“…In the case of Asian NICs (South Korea, Singapore, Taiwan, Hong Kong), export and per capita income growth rates were very high between 1965 and 1987, and the utilisation of scale economies in the manufacturing sector has been significant (Sengupta, 1993). Kwon (1986) claims that scale economies have contributed 38% of the substantial growth of total factor productivity in South Korea over the period 1961-1980(Bradford, 1987. In South Korea, during the same period, significant structural change occurred with the share of manufacturing in the GDP rising from 5.6-30%.…”

Exports and economic growth in Asian NICs: an econometric analysis for Korea

“…Thus, Chow (1987) carried out causality tests of the type proposed by Sims (1972) linking exports of manufactures and manufacturing output using a sample of 8 NICs, where he found a strong causal relationship from exports to income growth. The second group of methods (Balassa, 1983;Bradford, 1987) looks at the composition of export products and uses a measure of diversification in its composition to represent outward development. Thus, Bradford (1987) examined empirical data for more than 12 countries either NICs or, next-tier NICs in the world over 1965-80 and tested for the correlation between structural change and economic growth, where the index of structural change is derived from the share of G D P of the 16 manufacturing branches which are technology intensive.…”

“…The second group of methods (Balassa, 1983;Bradford, 1987) looks at the composition of export products and uses a measure of diversification in its composition to represent outward development. Thus, Bradford (1987) examined empirical data for more than 12 countries either NICs or, next-tier NICs in the world over 1965-80 and tested for the correlation between structural change and economic growth, where the index of structural change is derived from the share of G D P of the 16 manufacturing branches which are technology intensive. He concluded that high rates of income growth and rapid structural change are strongly positively correlated for those countries which are successful NICs.…”

Union Growth in Malaysia and Singapore

“…However, most of the academic studies on newly industrializing countries have put Malaysia into the semi-industrialized category and Singapore into the newly industrialized category. See Bradeford (1987) andO'Neill (1984). institutional context of industrial relations.…”