Trace Fossils of the Glacial to Postglacial Transition in the El Imperial Formation (Upper Carboniferous), San Rafael Basin, Argentina

Ichnofauna from the Harbans Bed of the Badhaura Formation (Sterlitmakian), Rajasthan, India

“…The median furrow is 2 mm wide. Remarks: This ichnogenus shows opposite relief in epichnial and hypichnial forms as compared to Gyrochorte, while absence of scratch marks distinguishes it from Cruziana (Pazos 2002;Pazos et al 2007). Lack of closely spaced imprints perpendicular to the trace axis constituting a trackway differentiates it from Diplopodichnus (Buatois et al 1998).…”

Mid-Carboniferous diversification of continental ecosystems inferred from trace fossil suites in the Tynemouth Creek Formation of New Brunswick, Canada

“…For example, one of the oldest occurrences is found in Early Mississippian (Tournaisian) rift-related embayments characterized by freshwater to brackish gradients (Pickerill, 1992), perhaps like those seen today in the Baltic Sea (Tibert and Scott, 1999;Rygel et al, 2006). Similarly, the best-documented Pennsylvanian occurrences are in tidal deposits of estuaries and fjords (Buatois et al, 1997(Buatois et al, , 1998bPazos et al, 2007;Buatois et al, 2010), positioned upstream of the saline wedge in freshwater settings (Buatois and Mángano, 2007;Buatois et al, 2006Buatois et al, , 2010Netto et al, 2008Netto et al, , 2012, and euryhaline taxa including xiphosurans have been found in the freshwater reaches of fluvio-estuarine systems (Buatois et al, 1998b) similar to the Tynemouth Creek Formation.…”

“…Devonian and early Carboniferous (Mississippian) continental ichnocoenoses generally are rare, depauperate, restricted to marginal lacustrine facies, and lack clear ichnofacies differentiation, suggesting limited utilization of ecospace and rather generalized modes of adaptation (Smith, 1909;Pollard et al, 1982;Pollard and Walker, 1984;Walker, 1985;Pickerill, 1992;Keighley and Pickerill, 2003;Smith et al, 2012). In contrast, by the late Carboniferous (Pennsylvanian) -Permian, continental ichnocoenoses had become more abundant, widespread, and sharply differentiated into Scoyenia, Mermia and Skolithos Ichnofacies, with ichnocoenoses recording specific patterns of behaviour and adaptive traits in subtly different environments (Buatois et al, 1997(Buatois et al, , 1998abc, 2005(Buatois et al, , 2010Park and Gierlowski-Kordesch, 2007;Pazos et al, 2007).…”

The ichnogenus Dictyodora from late Silurian deposits of central-western Argentina: Ichnotaxonomy, ethology and ichnostratigrapical perspectives from Gondwana

“…The time spanning between the two collisional events permitted the development of a foreland basin filled, among other deposits, with thick turbidite-like deposits of Silurian and Lower to Middle Devonian successions traditionally interpreted as submarine fans (González Bonorino and Middleton, 1976) but later reinterpreted as extended deltaic systems (Bustos, 1996;Manassero et al, 2009;Basilici et al, 2012). The San Rafael Block is a morphostructural unit that includes a Palaeozoic record composed of a Grenvillian basement (Cerro La Ventana Formation), intensely deformed volcanic and metasedimentary units ranging in age from the Ordovician to the Late Silurian (Cingolani et al, 2003;Manassero et al, 2009), unconformably covered by a gently folded Pennsylvanian-Cissuralian succession containing Late Palaeozoic glacial deposits (López Gamundí et al, 1994;Pazos et al, 2007). These deposits are overlain by a volcano-sedimentary complex that records the eastern migration of a magmatic arc from the west (Kleiman and Japas, 2009), which itself is angularly covered by sedimentary red bed deposits of a rift basin developed during the Triassic (Kleiman and Japas, 2009).…”