Toxoplasma infection in pregnant women: a current status in Songklanagarind hospital, southern Thailand

Abstract

BackgroundToxoplasmosis, being one of the TORCH’s infections in pregnant women, is caused by Toxoplasma gondii, an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite. This parasitic infection in pregnancy congenitally causes severe outcomes to their fetus and newborn. This study aimed to determine the seroprevalence and stages of Toxoplasma infection in pregnant women and its associated risks exposures.MethodsThe study was conducted within the pregnant women attending the antenatal clinic (ANC) at Songklanagarind hospital, Hat Yai, Songkhla province, Thailand. The sera of a total of 760 consecutive pregnant women were screened using standard commercial ELISA kits for detection of anti-Toxoplasma IgG and IgM antibodies. IgG avidity in the seropositive for both anti-Toxoplasma IgG and IgM antibodies were also assessed. The pregnant women’s socio-demographic, obstetrics and risk factors associated with Toxoplasma seropositivity data were analyzed using univariate and multivariate analyses.ResultsFrom the total 760 pregnant women, 190 (25%, 95% CI = 22.05-28.20) were positive for anti-Toxoplasma antibodies. Of these, 167 (22.0%, 95% CI = 19.0-25.0) were positive for only anti-Toxoplasma IgG antibody and 23 (3.0%, 95% CI = 2.0-4.0) were positive for both anti-Toxoplasma IgG and IgM antibodies. All these samples were high avidity, indicated the infection occured prior to four to five months. By applying statistical univariate analysis, age group, occupation and sources of drinking water showed a significant association with Toxoplasma seropositivity (p < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis further indicated that the significant factors associated with Toxoplasma seropositivity are age ≥26 (OR = 1.65, 95% CI = 1.11-2.44), working as laborer (OR = 1.57, 95% CI = 1.13-2.18) and drinking unclean (piped/tap/rain) water (OR = 1.75, 95% CI = 1.08-2.84).ConclusionThe pregnant women in the active age group, working as laborers and exposure to unclean drinking water from various sources were at higher risk of Toxoplasma infection. Therefore, health education and the awareness of risk exposures regarding this parasitic disease are required to minimize the effects of this parasitic infection in pregnant women as well as in the general population.

Detection of acute and chronic toxoplasmosis amongst multi-transfused thalassemia patients in southwest of Iran

“…Consumption of raw/undercooked meat is one of the studied risk factors in our study that was not statistically significant (P=0.4 and P=0.5 in thalassemia patients and control individuals, respectively). In some studies it has been shown that consumption of raw meat is not correlated with toxoplasmosis [5,[35][36][37][38] while results of other investigations are in contrast [9,10]. Risk factors like gender, residence, age group, educational level, ethnicity and source of drinking water which have been detailed in Table 2, were not statistically significant in current study.…”

Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection among Iranian pregnant women: a systematic review and meta-analysis

“…That was also the case for a study carried out in Norway which estimated the IgG seroprevalence as 9.3% (57). Out of 760 pregnant women investigated in a study in Thailand, 25% were seropositive for toxoplasmosis (22% IgG positive and 3% IgG+IgM positive) (58). Two different studies, reported the seroprevalence of Korean pregnant women as 3.7% (59) and 0.8% (60).…”

Sero-prevalence and risk factors associated with toxoplasma gondii infection among pregnant women in Alexandria, Egypt

“…31 After the multivariate logistic regression analysis confirmed that age ≥26, working as a laborer and drinking unclean (piped/tap/rain) water were identified as significant risk factors for Toxoplasma acquisition.…”