Sero-prevalence and risk factors associated with toxoplasma gondii infection among pregnant women in Alexandria, Egypt

Bassiony, Hassan; Soliman, Nadia K.; El-Tawab, Sally S.; Eissa, Safaa; Eissa, Amira

doi:10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20164318

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…gondii infection than RDT-IgG. This finding is in harmony with a study by Bassiony et al [ 26 ]. Contrary to our results, Huang et al [ 27 ] reported a high RDT sensitivity and specificity of 97.2 and 95.8%, respectively, in the detection of anti- T .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…In comparing the diagnostic utility of RDT and ELISA, RDT-IgM performed better in diagnosing T. gondii infection than RDT-IgG. This finding is in harmony with a study by Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology Bassiony et al [26]. Contrary to our results, Huang et al [27] reported a high RDT sensitivity and specificity of 97.2 and 95.8%, respectively, in the detection of anti-T. gondii antibodies in the cat's sera.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

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Seroprevalence and Risk Factors of Toxoplasma gondii Infection among Pregnant Women in Kumasi: A Cross-Sectional Study at a District-Level Hospital, Ghana

Singh

Debrah

Acheampong

et al. 2021

Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology

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Background. This study investigated the prevalence and risk factors of Toxoplasma gondii infection among pregnant women in a district-level hospital in Ghana and compared the diagnostic performance of the rapid diagnostic test (RDT) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for T. gondii diagnosis. Method. This cross-sectional study included 400 consecutive consenting women in their first-trimester stage of pregnancy. A validated well-structured closed-ended questionnaire was used to collect sociodemographic data and possible risk factors of each participant. Blood samples were collected for analysis of T. gondii IgG and IgM using the commercial ELISA Kit and RDT. Results. Seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis was 21.5% and 57.3% based on the RDT and ELISA technique, respectively. Secondary education ( cOR = 1.9 , 95% CI (1.1-3.1), and p = 0.020 ) and contact with cats ( cOR = 1.7 , 95% CI (1.1-2.8), and p = 0.030 ) were significant predictors of T. gondii infection, with the former being the only independent risk factor for T. gondii infection ( aOR = 1.8 , 95% CI (1.0-3.0), and p = 0.034 ) by the ELISA method. The sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve (AUC) of RDT-IgM against ELISA were 42.9%, 95.9%, and 0.694, respectively, whereas those of RDT-IgG were 31.0%, 91.2%, and 0.611, respectively. The diagnostic consistency between the two methods was fair for both RDT-IgM ( κ = 0.304 ) and RDT-IgG ( κ = 0.201 ). Conclusion. The prevalence of T. gondii infection among pregnant women at Kumasi is 21.5% and 57.3% based on the RDT and ELISA technique, respectively. Secondary education and contact with cats were the major risk factors of T. gondii infection. Using ELISA as the reference, the RDT used in this study for the diagnosis of T. gondii infection has low sensitivity, and therefore, it is unreliable. However, this finding does not invalidate all RDTs because there are several other brands of RDT with good sensitivity and specificity. Further studies to ascertain the performance of other commercially available RDT kits are needed.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Seroprevalence and Risk Factors of Toxoplasma gondii Infection among Pregnant Women in Kumasi: A Cross-Sectional Study at a District-Level Hospital, Ghana

Singh

Debrah

Acheampong

et al. 2021

Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology

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“…Previously, reported risk factors included the type and the cooking method of food, adequate treatment for drinking water, contact with cats being immunocompromised (5)(6)(7). In Egypt, similar risk factors were previously reported (8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14). The life cycle of T. gondii includes final hosts (i.e., the Felidae family, mainly cats), where the sexual cycle of replication of T. gondii oocytes occurs and intermediate hosts (i.e., non-feline including dogs and humans).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 67%

Interplay between cross sectional analysis of risk factors associated with Toxoplasma gondii infection in pregnant women and their domestic cats

et al. 2023

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Toxoplasmosis is a global zoonotic disease caused by Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii). The primary aim of this study was to identify hygienic and cat management practices that could affect the occurrence of T. gondii in cats and their owners in Sharqia Governorate, Egypt. T. gondii infection was evaluated in 80 pregnant women and 29 domestic cats using Real-time PCR. A questionnaire was administered to obtain information regarding the risk factors associated with T. gondii infection. Blood samples were collected from enrolled pregnant women, and fecal samples were collected from their pet cats. Firth logistic regression model complemented with random forest (RF) analysis was used to evaluate the association of different hygiene and cat management practices with T. gondii infection in pregnant women. T. gondii infection was identified in 27.5% of pregnant women and 17% of domestic cats. Drinking raw milk and contacting stray and pet cats were significantly associated with higher odds of T. gondii infection. The proportion of T. gondii-positive women who ate raw meat (60.0%) was higher than those ate heat-cooked meat (25.3%). Moreover, women who did not wash their hands after contact with cats were 6 times (OR 6.12; CI: 3.03–9.21) more likely to experience T. gondii infection than those washed their hands after cat contact. The RF analysis showed that washing hands constitute a serious yet preventable public health concern that requires targeted, community-specific efforts. Cat owners, particularly pregnant women, need to be aware about the risk of T. gondii infection, while handling cat and pet's owner should be advised to take necessary hygienic measures to prevent its infection.

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“…Living or contact with cat were found to be the independent predictors of T. gondii infection (p<0.05) [11,21,23,27,29,34]. Whereas only one study did not find any association of living or contact with domestic animals such as cat and being infected with T. gondii among pregnant women [45]. As per the WHO recommendations on the prevention of T. gondii infections; hygiene including hand-washing and the use of clean water in food production and preparation is critical.…”

Section: Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 96%

WITHDRAWN: Sero-epidemiology of Toxoplasma gondii and risk factors among pregnant women in Africa

Kajeguka

Anderson

Mawazo

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Introduction Infections caused by Toxoplasma gondii is a great public health concern worldwide. Toxoplasma gondii infection in pregnant women may result in abortion, stillbirth, or lifelong disabilities of the fetus. Serologic studies have reported various estimates for seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis among African pregnant women. Estimation of the pooled seroprevalence of this infection is necessary for policy-making and target intervention.Methods We conducted this systematic review and meta-analysis according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. A rigorous literature selection was performed by using the databases of PubMed, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect for the period Jan 1, 2001, to July 31, 2019. Sero-prevalence with 95% CI was presented for each study, and point estimates and their 95% CIs of pooled seroprevalence was then calculated.Findings The search process resulted in the inclusion of a total of 36 studies in the systematic review and meta-analysis. The pooled seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii Immunoglobulin G (IgG) in Africa was found to be 46.7% (95%CI: 37.0, 56.4). Geographical-based subgroup analysis showed that the seroprevalence of T. gondii among pregnant women was found to be 65.1% (95% CI: 44.7, 85.5), 50.2% (95% CI: 32.0, 68.3), 47.8% (95% CI: 31.7, 63.8), 38.3% (95% CI: 25.2, 51.4) and 5.8% (95% CI: 3.6, 8.1) in Central, Eastern, Northern, Western and Southern Africa respectively. The most common risk factors for T. gondii were living or contact with cat and consumption of raw vegetables or fruits.Conclusion The current systematic review and meta-analysis revealed a high seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection among pregnant women. There is a need to establish prevention and control measures that should be directed to educational programs. We recommend that periodic screenings for Toxoplasma gondii infection among pregnant women should be incorporated into routine clinical care in order to avoid serious clinical complications of mother and fetus.

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Sero-prevalence and risk factors associated with toxoplasma gondii infection among pregnant women in Alexandria, Egypt

Cited by 10 publications

References 18 publications

Seroprevalence and Risk Factors of Toxoplasma gondii Infection among Pregnant Women in Kumasi: A Cross-Sectional Study at a District-Level Hospital, Ghana

Seroprevalence and Risk Factors of Toxoplasma gondii Infection among Pregnant Women in Kumasi: A Cross-Sectional Study at a District-Level Hospital, Ghana

Interplay between cross sectional analysis of risk factors associated with Toxoplasma gondii infection in pregnant women and their domestic cats

WITHDRAWN: Sero-epidemiology of Toxoplasma gondii and risk factors among pregnant women in Africa

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