Toxoplasma gondii Strategy for Intracellular Survival: Is it Still Enigmatic?

Sanad, Magda M; Olayan, Ebtesam M. Al

doi:10.3923/jp.2011.60.73

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Control Toxo factor-beta) through the differentiation of M2 phenotype macrophages [13,[23][24][25]. The evasion of anti-parasitic effector mechanisms as mediators of the inflammatory response by T. gondii may be induced by brain ischemic tolerance [26]. The HIF family as master regulatory transcription factors upregulate multiple genes controlling neovascularization [27].…”

Section: Control Toxomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…T. gondii preferentially infects host monocyte/macrophage lineage cells, such as microglia [ 22 ], and also contributes to the resolution of inflammation by releasing IL-10 and TGF-β (transforming growth factor-beta) through the differentiation of M2 phenotype macrophages [ 13 , 23 – 25 ]. The evasion of anti-parasitic effector mechanisms as mediators of the inflammatory response by T. gondii may be induced by brain ischemic tolerance [ 26 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neuroprotective Effect of Chronic Intracranial Toxoplasma gondii Infection in a Mouse Cerebral Ischemia Model

et al. 2020

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Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite that can invade various organs in the host body, including the central nervous system. Chronic intracranial T. gondii is known to be associated with neuroprotection against neurodegenerative diseases through interaction with host brain cells in various ways. The present study investigated the neuroprotective effects of chronic T. gondii infection in mice with cerebral ischemia experimentally produced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) surgery. The neurobehavioral effects of cerebral ischemia were assessed by measurement of Garcia score and Rotarod behavior tests. The volume of brain ischemia was measured by triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining. The expression levels of related genes and proteins were determined. After cerebral ischemia, corrected infarction volume was significantly reduced in T. gondii infected mice, and their neurobehavioral function was significantly better than that of the uninfection control group. Chronic T. gondii infection induced the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α) in the brain before MCAO. T. gondii infection also increased the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor after the cerebral ischemia. It is suggested that chronic intracerebral infection of T. gondii may be a potential preconditioning strategy to reduce neural deficits associated with cerebral ischemia and induce brain ischemic tolerance through the regulation of HIF-1α expression.

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Section: Control Toxomentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuroprotective Effect of Chronic Intracranial Toxoplasma gondii Infection in a Mouse Cerebral Ischemia Model

et al. 2020

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“…In Iran, until now, most of the decisions on infected fetuses were made based on serological findings in their mothers, which might have led to abortion of many uninfected foetuses. [6] The low avidity of immunoglobulin G (IgG) has been reported to be a useful marker of recent infection with Toxoplasma . Nevertheless, discrepant results on the maturation of avidity over time have been reported.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The merits of designed ELISA avidity kit in detection of Toxoplasma gondii IgG antibody in laboratory conditions

2013

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Background:Toxoplasmosis is a parasitic disease which may cause some laboratory symptoms in infected individuals. One of the main ways to transmit this organism is placenta to the fetus pathway. If this transmission occurs in the 3rd month of pregnancy, the abortion, central nerve system and ocular disorder will happen. Because of this issue, the precise technique for the detection of Toxoplasma antibodies such as immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin M IgM are important, as they contain ELISA and ELISA avidity.Materials and Methods:In this survey, the main samples are serum and amniotic fluid that were collected from 48 pregnant women infected with Toxoplasma gondii in Shariaty hospital. This survey is attempted to design ELISA avidity kit in Tarbiat Modates University.Results:The results from this survey show that, in these total pregnant women the infection by T. gondii has occurred and many of them are infected currently.Conclusions:In the simple ELISA technique, the only antibody that can be detected precisely is IgM; however, using this technique the IgG antibody can also be detected. In this new technique or ELISA avidity, in addition to detection of IgG antibody against T. gondii, the month of transmission of Toxoplasma is also interpreted.

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In vitro observation of the stage conversion of transgenic Toxoplasma gondii RH strain expressing dual fluorescent proteins

Song

Sun

et al. 2016

Acta Parasitologica

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Toxoplasma gondii converts from tachyzoites to bradyzoites after acute infection and thus survives the attack of the host immune responses. In this study, we observed the conversion of tachyzoites to bradyzoites in cell cultures using a transgenic T. gondii RH strain. The transgenic parasites continuously express yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) but only express red fluorescent protein (RFP) at the bradyzoite stage. Red fluorescent bradyzoite-containing cysts were found in transgenic parasite infected cells cultured with atmospheric CO2 supply, indicating the successful induction of the stage conversion. In cell culture with alkalic medium (pH 8.1) and atmospheric CO2 supply, only part of the YFP-expressing parasites in a cyst express RFP marker, suggesting the asynchronous development of T. gondii in vitro. This study provides a possibility for further studies of the gene expression profile during stage conversion and the genes involved.

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Toxoplasma gondii Strategy for Intracellular Survival: Is it Still Enigmatic?

Cited by 3 publications

References 28 publications

Neuroprotective Effect of Chronic Intracranial Toxoplasma gondii Infection in a Mouse Cerebral Ischemia Model

Neuroprotective Effect of Chronic Intracranial Toxoplasma gondii Infection in a Mouse Cerebral Ischemia Model

The merits of designed ELISA avidity kit in detection of Toxoplasma gondii IgG antibody in laboratory conditions

In vitro observation of the stage conversion of transgenic Toxoplasma gondii RH strain expressing dual fluorescent proteins

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