According to the results and presence of 36/46 MCs in patients with lumbar disc herniation, positive for P. acnes suggests that P. acnes can lead to edema on the vertebrae endplates near to infected area.

Staphylococcus aureus infections, particularly infections caused by methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains, are emerging as a major public health problem. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of MRSA, antibiotic resistance profile and staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) type of MRSA isolates obtained from clinical samples. Totally, 162 S. aureus isolates were obtained from clinical samples at three university hospitals in Kerman, Iran from March 2011 to February 2012. All isolates were identified as S. aureus by phenotypic methods and confirmed by PCR amplification of the nuc gene. MRSA isolates were screened by phenotypic tests and confirmed by presence of mecA gene. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the MRSA isolates against antibacterial agents were determined by E-test. All isolates were analyzed by PCR for the presence of mecA and pvl genes. SCCmec typing of MRSA isolates was performed by multiplex PCR assay. Strain typing was carried out with REP-PCR. Using mecA gene PCR and phenotypic methods, 56.8% of the isolates were identified as MRSA. All MRSA isolates were susceptible to vancomycin and linezolid. The sensitivity of MRSA isolates to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, clindamycin, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, and erythromycin was 70.66, 66.53, 42.4, 38.05, and 29.35%, respectively. The most frequent SCCmec types were type III (48.31%) followed by type V (19.1%), type I (16.85%), and type IV (3.37%). The pvl gene was detected in 3.08% of isolates (two MRSA and three MSSA isolates). REP-PCR typing divided the 92 MRSA isolates into 10 distinct clusters. Our results indicate that vancomycin and linezolid are the most effective antibacterial agents against MRSA isolates and SCCmec type III is predominant in MRSA strains in this area.

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Background:Clindamycin is a frequently used antimicrobial therapeutic medicine used for the treatment of skin and soft tissue infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus strains. Resistance to this antibiotic is either constitutive or inducible. Constitutive resistance to clindamycin could be detected by standard susceptibility testing methods. Inducible clindamycin resistance could not be detected by in vitro routine tests. This type of resistance can be identified by D-test.Objectives:The outbreak of inducible resistance to clindamycin in methicillin resistant and-susceptible S. aureus isolates were investigated in this study.Materials and Methods:Totally 162 S. aureus isolates were evaluated for inducible clindamycin resistance by D-test in accordance with clinical and laboratory standards institute (CLSI) guidelines.Results:Inducible clindamycin resistance was detected in 8.64% of S. aureus isolates. Inducible and constitutive resistance to clindamycin was found to be higher in methicillin resistant S. aureus (11.95% and 47.8% respectively) compared to methicillin susceptible S. aureus (4.28% and 2.85% respectively) isolates.Conclusions:Our results showed that inducible resistance to clindamycin in S. aureus isolates is relatively higher in this region. Therefore, D-test should be performed to prevent treatment failures against infections caused by S. aureus, which are resistant to erythromycin and the sensitive ones against clindamycin.

Background: Staphylococcus aureus is an infrequent, but one of the most successful bacteria that associated with infertility and are able to spermatozoa immobilization and agglutination.Objective:The aim of present study was to determine the frequency of S. aureus in semen obtained from infertile male patients in northwest Iran.Materials and Methods:Seminal fluids of 100 infertile men were evaluated. Standard semen examination was done according to World Health Organization guidelines. After isolation and identification of S. aureus isolates according to reference methods, determination of susceptibility against important antibiotics and polymerase chain reaction were performed to identify mecA and tst genes.Results:Data obtained from the present study shows that 16% of infertile male patients were colonized by S. aureus. Ten (62.5%) of the individuals had abnormal seminal fluid sperm motility and morphology and three (18.8%) of them had an abnormal seminal fluid density, whereas after washing with albumin-saline declined to 5 (31.3%), 4 (25%) and 1 (6.3%), respectively. The antibiogram results showed that, except penicillin, other antibiotics have high activity on isolates. Regarding polymerase chain reaction results, mecA sequences were detected in 3 (18.7%) strains, whilst the tst gene encoding TSST-1 was not detected in any of clinical strains.Conclusion:It would appear that the S. aureus may be an additional negative factor worsening sperm quality and affecting male fertility. Therefore, it demands that all the patients attending in infertility treatment facilities be investigated thoroughly.

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