Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora caninum, Sarcocystis neurona, and Sarcocystis canis-like infections in marine mammals

Dubey, J. P.; Zarnke, Randall L.; Thomas, Nancy J.; Wong, S. K.; Bonn, William Van; Briggs, Michael B.; Davis, J. W.; Ewing, Ruth Y.; Mense, Mark G.; Kwok, O. C. H.; Romand, S.; Thulliez, P.

doi:10.1016/s0304-4017(03)00263-2

Cited by 253 publications

(168 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…In recent years, emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases with epizootic or zoonotic potential have been described in marine mammals [12,16,34]. These threats include morbilliviruses, brucellosis, toxoplasmosis, sarcocystosis, papillomavirus, and West Nile virus, some of which may be linked to anthropogenic factors [12,19].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bartonellaspecies detection in captive, stranded and free-ranging cetaceans

et al. 2008

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-We present prevalence of Bartonella spp. for multiple cohorts of wild and captive cetaceans. One hundred and six cetaceans including 86 bottlenose dolphins (71 free-ranging, 14 captive in a facility with a dolphin experiencing debility of unknown origin, 1 stranded), 11 striped dolphins, 4 harbor porpoises, 3 Risso's dolphins, 1 dwarf sperm whale and 1 pygmy sperm whale (all stranded) were sampled. Whole blood (n = 95 live animals) and tissues (n = 15 freshly dead animals) were screened by PCR (n = 106 animals), PCR of enrichment cultures (n = 50 animals), and subcultures (n = 50 animals). Bartonella spp. were detected from 17 cetaceans, including 12 by direct extraction PCR of blood or tissues, 6 by PCR of

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These threats include morbilliviruses, brucellosis, toxoplasmosis, sarcocystosis, papillomavirus, and West Nile virus, some of which may be linked to anthropogenic factors [12,19]. Like these diseases, bartonellosis may be a contributor to pathologies observed in marine mammals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bartonellaspecies detection in captive, stranded and free-ranging cetaceans

et al. 2008

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“…Estas espécies estão sujeitas a diversos fatores que ameaçam as suas populações, dentre estes, o tráfego de embarcações (Kraus 1990, Wells & Scott 1997, mortalidade acidental em redes de pesca (Parente et al 2004), atividades petrolíferas (Parente 2005), degradação e contaminação dos ambientes costeiros e de águas interiores (Rosas & Lehti 1996), caça intencional (Lima 1997, Luna 2001) e a ocorrência de diversos agentes etiológicos, tais como vírus (Rector et al 2004), bactérias (Vergara- Parente et al 2003) e protozoários (Dubey et al 2003). Entre as infecções ocasionadas por protozoários, a criptosporidiose vem sendo considerada como uma doença emergente, oportunista (Xiao et al 1998) e de distribuição cosmopolita (Current 1983), além de apresentar um caráter zoonótico .…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Criptosporidiose: uma revisão sobre a sua implicação na conservação dos mamíferos aquáticos

2007

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Cryptosporidiosis is an emerging parasitic disease that has been related in several mammal species, including the aquatic ones. This review covers the epidemiology infection by Cryptosporidium spp. in aquatic mammals. The age of the animal, infecting dose and immunological state can influence on the clinical presentation, and when associated with other pathogen, can lead the animal to death. The water supply contamination is water supply is one of the major ways of the pathogen dissemination, which was being identified by different techniques of laboratorial analysis. The adequacy of sanitation structures, the use of appropriate method to inactivate the oocysts and the assurance of personal hygiene norms are some of the recommended way to minimize the dissemination of Cryptosporidium among aquatic mammals.Keywords: aquatic animals, epidemiology, zoonosis, Cryptosporidium. A criptosporidiose é uma doença parasitária emergente que vem sendo relatada em diversas espécies de mamíferos, incluindo os aquáticos. Esta revisão trata da epidemiologia da infecção por Cryptosporidium spp. em mamíferos aquáticos. A idade dos animais, dose infectante e o estado imunológico podem influenciar na apresentação clínica, e quando associados a outros patógenos pode levar o animal a óbito. A contaminação dos recursos hídricos constitui um dos principais meios de disseminação do parasito, que foi identificado por diferentes técnicas de análise. A adequação das estruturas de saneamento, utilização de métodos apropriados para a inativação dos oocistos e garantia das normas de higiene pessoal constituem algumas das maneiras recomendadas para minimizar a disseminação do Cryptosporidium entre os mamíferos aquáticos.Palavras-chave: animais aquáticos, epidemiologia, zoonose, Cryptosporidium.

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“…Systematic necropsies performed on stranded pinnipeds constitute a strategy in wildlife research, giving information about the direct causes, predisposing factors, or possible threats that determine the mortality of a population or susceptibility to certain diseases [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathological and Parasitological Findings in South American Fur Seal Pups (Arctocephalus australis) in Uruguay

2012

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This paper presents the necropsy findings in South American fur seal (Arctocephalus australis) pups from Uruguayan colonies. Animals (n = 105) were aged between 0 and 18 months old. From 0 to 6 months, 69.4% of the pups showed a poor body condition, while 68.8% of animals from 7 to 18 months had fair-to-good body condition. From 6 to 7 months of age, the stomach content included fishes, crustaceans, and foreign bodies. Starvation in the first months of life and traumatic lesions in pups older than 9 months were the most frequent causes of death. Uncinaria spp. was the only parasite found in the small intestine between 0 and 6 month-old pups. Parasites with indirect cycle (Contracaecum spp., Corynosoma sp., Tetrabothriidae) were present from 6 months of age as well as the first report of the nematode Strongyloides spp. in pinnipeds. Orthohalarachne spp. was found in the respiratory tract. Mycobacterium pinnipedii was isolated from 9 animals without gross pathological lesions. Other pathological conditions were found in lesser extent. This information contributes to the main causes of death of A. australis pups at different ages and could be useful to perform further health studies on this wild pinniped species.

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Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora caninum, Sarcocystis neurona, and Sarcocystis canis-like infections in marine mammals

Cited by 253 publications

References 44 publications

Bartonellaspecies detection in captive, stranded and free-ranging cetaceans

Bartonellaspecies detection in captive, stranded and free-ranging cetaceans

Criptosporidiose: uma revisão sobre a sua implicação na conservação dos mamíferos aquáticos

Pathological and Parasitological Findings in South American Fur Seal Pups (Arctocephalus australis) in Uruguay

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