<i>Bartonella</i>species detection in captive, stranded and free-ranging cetaceans

Harms, Craig A.; Maggi, Ricardo G.; Breitschwerdt, Edward B.; Clemons-Chevis, Connie L.; Solangi, Mobashir A.; Rotstein, David S.; Fair, Patricia A.; Hansen, Larry J.; Hohn, Aleta A.; Lovewell, Gretchen N.; McLellan, William A.; Pabst, D. Ann; Rowles, Teri; Schwacke, Lori H.; Townsend, Forrest I.; Wells, Randall S.

doi:10.1051/vetres:2008036

Cited by 33 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 37 publications

(52 reference statements)

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“…[15, 24]) rests upon the isolation of single clades from humans diagnosed by gene sequences which are prone to recombination. Similarly, B. henselae (cat and human parasite transmitted by fleas) has been recorded from marine mammals, transmitted by Cyamus [16]; the use of a wider range of loci in this work might have clarified the exact strains capable of such an ecologically diverse zoonosis. The present work makes it clear that this approach is both unreliable and potentially highly misleading, and the use of these sequences, especially the 16S RNA marker, for diagnostic purposes should be undertaken only with extreme caution.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Recombination Within and Between Species of the Alpha Proteobacterium Bartonella Infecting Rodents

et al. 2010

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Bartonella infections from wild mice and voles (Apodemus flavicollis, Mi. oeconomus, Microtus arvalis and Myodes glareolus) were sampled from a forest and old-field habitats of eastern Poland; a complex network of Bartonella isolates, referrable to B. taylorii, B. grahamii, B. birtlesii and B. doshiae, was identified by the sequencing of a gltA fragment, comparable to previous studies of Bartonella diversity in rodents. Nested clade analysis showed that isolates could be assigned to zero- and one-step clades which correlated with host identity and were probably the result of clonal expansion; however, sequencing of other housekeeping genes (rpoB, ribC, ftsZ, groEl) and the 16S RNA gene revealed a more complex situation with clear evidence of numerous recombinant events in which one or both Bartonella parents could be identified. Recombination within gltA was found to have generated two distinct variant clades, one a hybrid between B. taylorii and B. doshiae, the other between B. taylorii and B. grahamii. These recombinant events characterised the differences between the two-step and higher clades within the total nested cladogram, involved all four species of Bartonella identified in this work and appear to have played a dominant role in the evolution of Bartonella diversity. It is clear, therefore, that housekeeping gene phylogenies are not robust indicators of Bartonella diversity, especially when only a single gene (gltA or 16S RNA) is used. Bartonella clades infecting Microtus were most frequently involved in recombination and were most frequently tip clades within the cladogram. The role of Microtus in influencing the frequency of Bartonella recombination remains unknown.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Recombination Within and Between Species of the Alpha Proteobacterium Bartonella Infecting Rodents

et al. 2010

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“…Indeed, it has been demonstrated that bovines and other animals are capable of generating antibodies against deep determinants of LPS such as the core and lipid A moieties (41), which are shared by other Alphaproteobacteria related to Brucella (8,50). Since Alphaproteobacteria, such as Bartonella species, also infect odontocetes (23), cross-reactions against these deep LPS epitopes may arise. The relatively higher specificity of cELISA seems to be linked to the competing monoclonal antibody which specifically recognizes the C epitope of the LPS.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serological Diagnosis of Brucella Infections in Odontocetes

Hernández-Mora

Manire

González-Barrientos

et al. 2009

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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Brucella ceti causes disease in Odontoceti. The absence of control serum collections and the diversity of cetaceans have hampered the standardization of serological tests for the diagnosis of cetacean brucellosis. Without a "gold" standard for sensitivity and specificity determination, an alternative approach was followed. We designed an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA) that recognizes immunoglobulins G (IgGs) from 17 odontocete species as a single group. For the standardization, we used Brucella melitensis and Brucella abortus lipopolysaccharides, serum samples from seven resident odontocetes with no history of infectious disease displaying negative rose bengal test (RBT) reactions, and serum samples from seven dolphins infected with B. ceti. We compared the performance of the iELISA with those of the protein G ELISA (gELISA), the competitive ELISA (cELISA), and the immunofluorescence (IF) and dot blot (DB) tests, using 179 odontocete serum samples and RBT as the reference. The diagnostic potential based on sensitivity and specificity of the iELISA was superior to that of gELISA and cELISA. The correlation and agreement between the iELISA and the gELISA were relatively good (R i/g 2 ‫؍‬ 0.65 and i/g ‫؍‬ 0.66, respectively), while the correlation and agreement of these two ELISAs with cELISA were low (R i/c 2 ‫؍‬ 0.46, R g/c 2 ‫؍‬ 0.37 and i/c ‫؍‬ 0.62, g/c ‫؍‬ 0.42). In spite of using the same anti-odontocete IgG antibody, the iELISA was more specific than were the IF and DB tests. An association between high antibody titers and the presence of neurological symptoms in dolphins was observed. The prediction is that iELISA based on broadly cross-reacting anti-dolphin IgG antibody would be a reliable test for the diagnosis of brucellosis in odontocetes, including families not covered in this study.Brucellosis is a disease of terrestrial and marine mammals and a relevant zoonosis caused by intracellular bacteria of the genus Brucella (34). In the last 2 decades, several strains of Brucella have been isolated from marine mammals, primarily from dolphins, porpoises, and seals (6, 11, 13-16, 18, 28, 42, 43, 49). For these marine strains, species names were proposed, first as a single cluster called "Brucella maris" (27) and, thereafter, divided into "Brucella cetaceae" and "Brucella pinnipediae" (7). Recently, the proposal of incorporating these marine strains as two new species was accepted; however, their names were corrected to Brucella ceti and Brucella pinnipedialis (15). The former Brucella species is predominant in dolphins and whales, while the latter is mainly isolated from seals and sea lions. These two new marine Brucella species can be further divided into several strains according to molecular biotyping (20), indicating that the species group is heterogeneous. The marine species display phenotypic resemblance with smooth Brucella abortus and Brucella melitensis, possessing the same relevant surface antigens that are commonly used for the serological diagnosis of brucellosis in bovines,...

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“…Cat fleas, Ctenocephalides felis, are thought to be the sole or primary vector for B. henselae transmission to pets and potentially people (Bouhsira et al 2013). To date, Bh DNA has been PCR amplified from the blood of cats, dogs, feral swine, cattle, horses, sea turtles, wild cats, and several marine mammal species (Harms et al 2008, Cherry et al 2009, Chomel and Kasten 2010, Psaroulaki et al 2010, Beard et al 2011, Cherry et al 2012, Girard et al 2012.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bartonella henselae Infections In An Owner and Two Papillon Dogs Exposed to Tropical Rat Mites (Ornithonyssus bacoti)

Bradley

Mascarelli

Trull

et al. 2014

Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases

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After raccoons were trapped and removed from under a house in New York, the owner and her two Papillon dogs became infested with numerous rat mites (Ornithonyssus bacoti). Two weeks later, both dogs developed pruritus, progressively severe vesicular lesions, focal areas of skin exfoliation, swelling of the vulva or prepuce, abdominal pain, and behavioral changes. Two months after the mite infestation, the owner was hospitalized because of lethargy, fatigue, uncontrollable panic attacks, depression, headaches, chills, swollen neck lymph nodes, and vesicular lesions at the mite bite sites. Due to ongoing illness, 3 months after the mite infestation, alcohol-stored mites and blood and serum from both dogs and the owner were submitted for Bartonella serology and Bartonella alpha Proteobacteria growth medium (BAPGM) enrichment blood culture/PCR. Bartonella henselae DNA was amplified and sequenced from blood or culture specimens derived from both dogs, the owner, and pooled rat mites. Following repeated treatments with doxycycline, both dogs eventually became B. henselae seronegative and blood culture negative and clinical signs resolved. In contrast, the woman was never B. henselae seroreactive, but was again PCR positive for B. henselae 20 months after the mite infestation, despite prior treatment with doxycycline. Clinicians and vector biologists should consider the possibility that rat mites may play a role in Bartonella spp. transmission.

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Bartonellaspecies detection in captive, stranded and free-ranging cetaceans

Cited by 33 publications

References 37 publications

Recombination Within and Between Species of the Alpha Proteobacterium Bartonella Infecting Rodents

Recombination Within and Between Species of the Alpha Proteobacterium Bartonella Infecting Rodents

Serological Diagnosis of Brucella Infections in Odontocetes

Bartonella henselae Infections In An Owner and Two Papillon Dogs Exposed to Tropical Rat Mites (Ornithonyssus bacoti)

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