Toxoplasma gondii infection in wild mustelids and cats across an urban-rural gradient

Barros, Macarena; Cabezón, Óscar; Dubey, J. P.; Almerı́a, S.; Ribas, M.; Escobar, Luis E.; Ramos, Barbara; Medina-Vogel, Gonzalo

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0199085

Cited by 40 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…In France, T. gondii was isolated from 9 of 14 seropositive red foxes [40], whereas in the UK, only 6.0% of foxes were PCR positive and type II lineage was demonstrated [36]. A study on T. gondii prevalence in minks in the UK [36] showed similar results to those obtained in the current study (20% and 25%, respectively), whereas in Chile, T. gondii DNA was demonstrated only in one of 73 American minks [41].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

<i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> infection in selected species of free-living animals in Poland

Sroka

Karamon

Wójcik-Fatla

et al. 2019

Ann Agric Environ Med.

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Introduction and objective. Free-living animals can play an important role as a reservoir of Toxoplasma gondi;, however, data concerning this issue in Poland are still limited.The aim of study was to assess the occurrence of T. gondii infection by using molecular methods in free-living animals in selected regions of Poland. Materials and method. Tissues samples of 396 animals (foxes, muskrats, birds, martens, badgers, polecats, raccoons, minks, raccoon dogs, otters, small rodents and insectivores, and grass snakes were collected from various regions of Poland. After samples digestion, DNA was isolated using QIAmp DNA Mini Kit (Qiagen). DNA extraction from small rodents and insectivores samples was performed without digestion. Next, nested PCR (B1 gene) and, for a part of nested PCR positive amplicons, RFLP PCR, were performed according to the method by Grigg and Boothroyd (2001). The other part of nested PCR positive DNA isolates were genotyped using 5 genetic markers: SAG1, SAG2 (5'-and 3'), SAG3, BTUB and GRA6, based on the method by Dubey et al. (2006). These PCR products were sequenced and compared with the NCBI database using Blast. Results. In total, in 50 of the 396 examined animals DNA of T. gondii was detected (12.6%). The highest percentages of positive results in PCR was obtained in martens (40.9%) and badgers (38.5%), lower in birds (27.3%) and the lowest in foxes (7.4%). The RFLP and multilocus PCR analysis showed the dominance of T. gondii clonal type II (or II/III). Conclusions. The results of this study indicate the frequent T. gondii infection among free-living animals in Poland, especially martens and badgers, which may indirectly indicate that these animals contribute to the spread of the parasite in the sylvatic environment in Poland. The genotyping analysis showed the dominance of T. gondii clonal type II (or II/III).

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

<i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> infection in selected species of free-living animals in Poland

Sroka

Karamon

Wójcik-Fatla

et al. 2019

Ann Agric Environ Med.

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“…T he apicomplexan parasite Toxoplasma gondii is a prevalent pathogen in wild and domestic animals worldwide, and is transmitted through the food chain by carnivorous feeding and scavenging (Dubey & Jones, 2008). It can be transmitted not only between intermediate and definitive hosts (sexual cycle) but also between intermediate hosts via carnivores (asexual cycle) or even between definitive hosts (Barros et al, 2018). Up to one-third of the human population in the world is chronically infected and toxoplasmosis has been considered one among the five parasitic diseases of priority for public health action (Montoya & Liesenfeld, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxoplasma gondii in sheep and goat livers: Risks for human consumption

Bahrami

Zarei

Ghorbanpour

et al. 2019

J Hellenic Vet Med Soc

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Toxoplasmosis is one of the most important zoonotic diseases worldwide and is caused by the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii. Besides vertical transmission during pregnancy, humans can become infected post-natally either by oral uptake of sporulated Toxoplasma oocysts or through ingestion of tissue cysts upon consumption of raw or undercooked meat. The aim of this study was to approximate the risk of human infection via liver consumption by estimating the seroprevalence and molecular prevalence of T. gondii in slaughtered sheep and goats in Iran. In the present study, livers from 150 sheep and 150 goats were collected at slaughter. In- house enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was performed in T. gondii liver juice. Parasite-specific polymerase chain reaction was carried out on all samples obtained from liver tissues. Antibodies against T. gondii were detected by in-house ELISA in 32.6% sheep and 48% goat livers and 8% and 11.3% of sheep and goat livers were positive for the presence of T. gondii DNA, respectively. The results of this study provide baseline information on the presence of T. gondii in sheep and goats livers and imply an important human health and hygienic risk associated with the consumption of raw or undercooked liver from these animal species.

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“…As it is one of the most common infectious diseases in the world, from 30 to 50% of the human population is infected with this pathogen (Flegr et al, 2014). Seroprevalence of T. gondii antibodies in the cat populations in Europe vary from 50 to up to 80% (Barros et al, 2018). It is important for cat owners to be aware of the pathogen infection rates during travel to the areas of high prevalence.…”

Section: Protozoan Pathogensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vector-borne zoonotic pathogens in cats

Razgūnaitė¹,

Radzijevskaja²,

Sabūnas³

et al. 2019

biologija

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Cats and dogs are the most popular pets. However, pets can transmit various pathogens and their close proximity to humans may lead to human infections – zoonoses. Transmission of zoonotic pathogens occurs through direct human-animal contact and/or arthropod vectors, such as ticks, fleas, mosquitoes, etc. The emergence of vector-borne zoonotic diseases may occur through international movement of owners with companion animals, which could be infected with pathogens and through spreading and subsequent establishment of disease vectors from endemic to non-endemic areas. The complex ecology of vector-borne zoonotic infections poses both a challenge to and opportunities for surveillance and control. Rising occurrence of vector-borne zoonotic diseases, their relevance to human health, and the relative lack of scientific researches related to feline VBDs point to the necessity to summarize and systemize information on the prevalence of agents of these diseases in populations of domestic cats. This review describes the main vector-borne zoonotic diseases in cats and provides an overview of the main pathogens isolated from cats, which have the potential to cause diseases in cats and humans.

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Toxoplasma gondii infection in wild mustelids and cats across an urban-rural gradient

Cited by 40 publications

References 54 publications

<i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> infection in selected species of free-living animals in Poland

<i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> infection in selected species of free-living animals in Poland

Toxoplasma gondii in sheep and goat livers: Risks for human consumption

Vector-borne zoonotic pathogens in cats

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