Toxicology of di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate and other phthalic acid ester plasticizers.

Gesler, R. M.

doi:10.1289/ehp.730373

Cited by 40 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 19 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Humans exposed to phthalate isomers showed teratogenic, estrogenic and reproductive problems [22,24,34,44,54,86]. Small chain alkyl esters of phthalates are shown to be more toxic because of their high solubility compared to longer chain homologs.…”

Section: Phthalate Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because of their unique properties like chemical stability, fl exibility, softening, ease of fabrication and low cost, phthalate esters are used with different chemical formulations. Phthalates and their esters are the major constituents of paints, house building materials, PVC pipes, food packing, toys, plastics, adhesives, photography fi lms, textile fabrics, medical devices, pesticide carriers, defoaming agents in the manufacture of paper, lubricating oils, solubilizers of cosmetic products, and in aerospace technology [34,38,41,44,55,65,97,98,104,106].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Bacterial degradation of phthalate isomers and their esters

Vamsee-Krishna

Phale

2008

Indian J Microbiol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Phthalate isomers and their esters are used heavily in various industries. Excess use and leaching from the product pose them as major pollutants. These chemicals are toxic, teratogenic, mutagenic and carcinogenic in nature. Various aspects like toxicity, diversity in the aerobic bacterial degradation, enzymes and genetic organization of the metabolic pathways from various bacterial strains are reviewed here. Degradation of these esters proceeds by the action of esterases to form phthalate isomers, which are converted to dihydroxylated intermediates by specifi c and inducible phthalate isomer dioxygenases. Metabolic pathways of phthalate isomers converge at 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, which undergoes either ortho-or meta-ring cleavage and subsequently metabolized to the central carbon pathway intermediates. The genes involved in the degradation are arranged in operons present either on plasmid or chromosome or both, and induced by specifi c phthalate isomer. Understanding metabolic pathways, diversity and their genetic regulation may help in constructing bacterial strains through genetic engineering approach for effective bioremediation and environmental clean up.

show abstract

Section: Phthalate Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial degradation of phthalate isomers and their esters

Vamsee-Krishna

Phale

2008

Indian J Microbiol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…and its presence in whole blood and blood products has been considered a possible health hazard [3,4], DEHP has been found in the tissues of patients receiving blood transfusions [3,5] and has been indicated as the agent responsible for abnormal spleen and liver function in rhesus monkeys un dergoing chronic transfusion therapy [6], However, the extent of deposition of DEHP and the resultant toxicology remains con troversial [7][8][9]. Dietary DEHP caused in creased incidence of hepatocellular carcino mas or adenomas in mice and hepatocellular carcinomas or neoplastic nodules in rats [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stabilization of Red Blood Cells by the Plasticizer, Diethylhexylphthalate

Horowitz¹,

Stryker²,

Waldman³

et al. 1985

Vox Sanguinis

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The red blood cells of blood stored in containers made of polyvinylchloride (PVC) film are osmotically more stable and lose on average about 1/3 less hemoglobin than when blood is stored in another plastic [poly-(ethylene-co-ethyl acrylate); EEA], The stability of uniform volumes of stored red blood cells varies directly with PVC surface area, whereas changes in EEA surface area have comparatively little or no effect. PVC contains high concentrations of the plasticizer, diethylhexylphthalate (DEHP), known to migrate into blood and to have a high potential for toxicity. To determine if DEHP could be the red cell stabilizing agent in PVC, whole blood was stored in containers made from EEA into which was incorporated varying amounts of DEHP. Incorporation of DEHP into EEA significantly reduced erythrocyte osmotic fragility (p = 0.01). The degree of reduced fragility correlated with the level of DEHP in the cell phase implicating DEHP in PVC containers as the stabilizing agent for red cells.

show abstract

“…They impart flexibility, thermal stability and chemical resistance to the finished product, but can easily be leached out by solvents Keyser et al, 1976;Tepper, 1973). They have been reported to have toxic, mutagenic, carcinogenic, teratogenic and endocrine-disrupting activities in several organisms (Dillingham & Autian, 1973;Gesler, 1973;Koch et al, 2003;Krauskopf, 1973;Phale et al, 2007;Quan et al, 2005;.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon source-dependent modulation of NADP-glutamate dehydrogenases in isophthalate-degrading Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain PP4, Pseudomonas strain PPD and Acinetobacter lwoffii strain ISP4

Vamsee-Krishna

Phale

2008

Microbiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Acinetobacter lwoffii strain ISP4 metabolizes isophthalate rapidly compared with Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain PP4 and Pseudomonas strain PPD. Isophthalate has been reported to be a potent competitive inhibitor of glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH). Exogenous supplementation of isophthalate with glutamate or a-ketoglutarate at 1 mM concentration caused strains PP4 and PPD to grow faster than in the presence of isophthalate alone; however, no such effect was observed in strain ISP4. When grown on isophthalate, all strains showed activity of NADPdependent GDH (NADP-GDH), while cells grown on glucose, 2¾ yeast extract-tryptone broth (2YT) or glutamate showed activities of both NAD-dependent GDH (NAD-GDH) and NADP-GDH. Activity staining, inhibition and thermal stability studies indicated the carbon sourcedependent presence of two (GDH I and GDH II ), three (GDH A , GDH B and GDH C ) and one (GDH P ) forms of NADP-GDH in strains PP4, PPD and ISP4, respectively. The results demonstrate the carbon source-dependent modulation of different forms of NADP-GDH in these bacterial strains. This modulation may help the efficient utilization of isophthalate as a carbon source by overcoming the inhibitory effect on GDH.

show abstract

Toxicology of di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate and other phthalic acid ester plasticizers.

Cited by 40 publications

References 19 publications

Bacterial degradation of phthalate isomers and their esters

Bacterial degradation of phthalate isomers and their esters

Stabilization of Red Blood Cells by the Plasticizer, Diethylhexylphthalate

Carbon source-dependent modulation of NADP-glutamate dehydrogenases in isophthalate-degrading Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain PP4, Pseudomonas strain PPD and Acinetobacter lwoffii strain ISP4

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About