Toxicological evaluation of neem (Azadirachta indica) oil: Acute and subacute toxicity

Deng, Yunxia; Cao, Mei; Shi, Dongxia; Yin, Zhongqiong; Jia, Renyong; Xu, Jiao; Wang, Chuan; Lü, Cheng; Liang, Xiaoxia; He, Chao; Yang, Zhipeng; Zhao, Jian

doi:10.1016/j.etap.2012.12.015

Cited by 52 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 12 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Some oils obtained from Piper aduncum and Copaifera reticulate presented low toxicity after acute and/or subacute exposure (Sachetti et al, 2009;Souza et al, 2008). However, others presented some toxicity, such as the oils obtained from Azadirachta indica, Drimys angustifolia and Drimys brasiliensis (Deng et al, 2013;Gomes et al, 2013), which reinforces the need for toxicological evaluation of oils of medicinal interest.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 89%

Acute and subacute (28 days) oral toxicity assessment of the oil extracted from Acrocomia aculeata pulp in rats

Traesel

Souza

Barros

et al. 2014

Food and Chemical Toxicology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Acrocomia aculeata, popularly known as “bocaiúva”, is a species used for nutritional purposes and for the treatment of various diseases, as it has, among other things, high levels of antioxidant compounds. This study aimed to assess the toxicological profile of A. aculeata, through acute and subacute toxicity tests. Male and female rats (Wistar) received by gavage 2000 mg/kg of oil extracted from the pulp of A. aculeata (OPAC) for the acute toxicity test and 125, 250, 500 or 1000 mg/kg of OPAC for subacute toxicity test. In the acute toxicity study no mortality or behavioral changes were observed in rats treated with 2000 mg/kg, indicating that the LD50 is higher than this dose. In the subacute toxicity test, the tested doses produced no significant changes in hematological, biochemical or histopathological parameters in the animals exposed. These results demonstrate the absence of acute and subacute toxicity after oral exposure to A. aculeata oil in rats. However, further studies in animals and in humans are needed in order to have sufficient safety evidence for its use in humans.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 89%

Acute and subacute (28 days) oral toxicity assessment of the oil extracted from Acrocomia aculeata pulp in rats

Traesel

Souza

Barros

et al. 2014

Food and Chemical Toxicology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…But concurrently, deleterious effects focusing on the oil's (over) dosage have been reported [6][7][8][9] . These effects seem to vary across test subjects, organs, tissues, cells and conditions studied.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The oil has been considered non-toxic and safe to mammalian species till a dosage of 5000 mg/kg of body weight. But the probability of risk due to its usage in concentrated form is of considerable concern as reported from several studies [6][7][8][9] . Hence, its crude and concentrated forms may pose limitations with respect to handling, usage and dose dumping, raising toxicity issues.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Azadirachta indica A. Juss Based Emollient Cream for Potential Dermatological Applications

Banerjee¹,

Thiagarajan²

2016

pharmaceutical-sciences

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Banerjee, et al.: Novel Neem Oil Emollient CreamAzadirachta indica A. Juss (Neem) is widely regarded to be an important medicinal tree whose parts and extracts are known to cure several ailments since the Vedic era. But knowledge regarding their concoctions and dosages has remained largely esoteric. Dilute neem oil emulsions are used to deliver active ingredients to body parts by the topical route of administration. This possibly attenuates its dose dumping and concentration related noxious effects to a large extent. However, almost all such products incorporate synthetic organic and bio hazardous chemicals for purposes of formulation and stability, posing ultimate risks to the user. Hence in the present study, an emollient cream using 10% neem oil and an arachidyl glucoside emulsifier of completely biological origin has been formulated. Octa and hexadecanoic acid derivatives were the major fatty acid components identified in the oil. The creamy white product showed a mean particle size of 137 nm and a Z average of 19 nm, with a polydispersity index of 0.245. Zeta potential and electrophoretic mobility were measured as -47.2 and -0.000328 cm 2 /Vs, respectively thus conferring good stability. FTIR analysis revealed the incidence of extensive hydrogen bonding in its structure and SEM image captured its undulating surface topography. The emollient cream was not susceptible to cracking, creaming or phase separation even after a period of 180 days, when stored at 37° or under low speed centrifugation. Similar results were observed when it was stored at 40°, 4° and -18° for three days and brought to 37° for three cycles. It is concluded that this novel potentially non-toxic neem oil emollient cream can either be used per se or as a base matrix for loading active ingredients and hence function as an efficient delivery system for the same.Key words: Azadirachta indica, neem oil, arachidyl glucoside, emollient cream, delivery system Azadirachta indica A. Juss, commonly known as neem or Indian lilac, belongs to Meliaceae family. Most parts of this plant, including its seed oil, have been traditionally valuable for their potent antimicrobial, antiinflammatory, antipyretic, analgesic, immunostimulatory, antiulcerous and antioxidant effects [1,2] . Its vital constituents are the triterpenoid azadirachtin complex, protomeliacins, limonoids, gedunin and its derivatives, vilasinin and c-secomeliacins like nimbin, salanin and dihydrochalcone, flavonoids, coumarin and tannins [3,4] . Along with a dozen minor azadirachtin analogs, they contribute to the overall efficacy of the oil when incorporated in cosmetic, cosmeceutical and pharmaceutical formulations [5] . The oil has been considered non-toxic and safe to mammalian species till a dosage of 5000 mg/kg of body weight. But the probability of risk due to its usage in concentrated form is of considerable concern as reported from several studies [6][7][8][9] . Hence, its crude and concentrated forms may pose limitations with respect to handling, usage and dose dumping, raising to...

show abstract

“…The no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) of neem oil was 177 mg/kg/day for mice and the target organs of neem oil were determined to be the testicle, liver and kidneys. In another recent toxicological evaluation of neem oil, the LD 50 values of neem oil were found to be 31.95 g/kg and the subacute treatment with neem oil failed to change body weight gain and food and water consumption (Deng et al 2013 ). Serum biochemistry analysis showed no signifi cant differences in any of the parameters examined under the dose of 1,600 mg/kg/day.…”

Section: Toxicity Studies/case Reportsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Azadirachta indica

Lim¹

2014

Edible Medicinal and Non Medicinal Plants

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Toxicological evaluation of neem (Azadirachta indica) oil: Acute and subacute toxicity

Cited by 52 publications

References 12 publications

Acute and subacute (28 days) oral toxicity assessment of the oil extracted from Acrocomia aculeata pulp in rats

Acute and subacute (28 days) oral toxicity assessment of the oil extracted from Acrocomia aculeata pulp in rats

Azadirachta indica A. Juss Based Emollient Cream for Potential Dermatological Applications

Azadirachta indica

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About