Azadirachta indica A. Juss Based Emollient Cream for Potential Dermatological Applications

Abstract

Banerjee, et al.: Novel Neem Oil Emollient CreamAzadirachta indica A. Juss (Neem) is widely regarded to be an important medicinal tree whose parts and extracts are known to cure several ailments since the Vedic era. But knowledge regarding their concoctions and dosages has remained largely esoteric. Dilute neem oil emulsions are used to deliver active ingredients to body parts by the topical route of administration. This possibly attenuates its dose dumping and concentration related noxious effects to a large extent. However, almost all such products incorporate synthetic organic and bio hazardous chemicals for purposes of formulation and stability, posing ultimate risks to the user. Hence in the present study, an emollient cream using 10% neem oil and an arachidyl glucoside emulsifier of completely biological origin has been formulated. Octa and hexadecanoic acid derivatives were the major fatty acid components identified in the oil. The creamy white product showed a mean particle size of 137 nm and a Z average of 19 nm, with a polydispersity index of 0.245. Zeta potential and electrophoretic mobility were measured as -47.2 and -0.000328 cm 2 /Vs, respectively thus conferring good stability. FTIR analysis revealed the incidence of extensive hydrogen bonding in its structure and SEM image captured its undulating surface topography. The emollient cream was not susceptible to cracking, creaming or phase separation even after a period of 180 days, when stored at 37° or under low speed centrifugation. Similar results were observed when it was stored at 40°, 4° and -18° for three days and brought to 37° for three cycles. It is concluded that this novel potentially non-toxic neem oil emollient cream can either be used per se or as a base matrix for loading active ingredients and hence function as an efficient delivery system for the same.Key words: Azadirachta indica, neem oil, arachidyl glucoside, emollient cream, delivery system Azadirachta indica A. Juss, commonly known as neem or Indian lilac, belongs to Meliaceae family. Most parts of this plant, including its seed oil, have been traditionally valuable for their potent antimicrobial, antiinflammatory, antipyretic, analgesic, immunostimulatory, antiulcerous and antioxidant effects [1,2] . Its vital constituents are the triterpenoid azadirachtin complex, protomeliacins, limonoids, gedunin and its derivatives, vilasinin and c-secomeliacins like nimbin, salanin and dihydrochalcone, flavonoids, coumarin and tannins [3,4] . Along with a dozen minor azadirachtin analogs, they contribute to the overall efficacy of the oil when incorporated in cosmetic, cosmeceutical and pharmaceutical formulations [5] . The oil has been considered non-toxic and safe to mammalian species till a dosage of 5000 mg/kg of body weight. But the probability of risk due to its usage in concentrated form is of considerable concern as reported from several studies [6][7][8][9] . Hence, its crude and concentrated forms may pose limitations with respect to handling, usage and dose dumping, raising to...

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“…Thus, peaks attributed to the bending vibration modes of Si-O in BG (990 cm -1 ) [56] and to PMMA (at 1727, 1433, 1195, 1148 cm -1 ) [57,58] are clearly visible. As known, Neem is an organic compound with many components and molecular bonds, among which in Figure 2 are visible the folowing: i) 1700-1500 cm -1 band, representative of N-H and C = O groups (aldehydes, ketones and esters); ii) 1500-1350 cm -1 band, corresponding to the aromatic domain, especially N-H groups; and iii) 1300-1500 cm -1 band, confirming the presence of alkenes [59,60]. XPS investigation (Table 1) revealed the presence of elements specific to BG (Si, Ca, P, Na) and Neem (C, O, N, P, Na).…”