Toxicity studies of Calycopteris floribunda Lam. in calf, rabbit and rat

Sreekanth, P.J.; Narayana, K.; Shridhar, N. B.; Bhat, Avinash

doi:10.1016/j.jep.2006.03.016

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Several other plants containing saponins have been shown to be hepatotoxic. For example, increased ALT, AST and/or ALP levels were noted with extracts from Anacardium occidentale in rats [ 26 ], Sida rhombifolia and Phytolacca dioica in rats [ 27 ] and Calycopteris floribunda in calf, rabbit and rat [ 28 ]. Also the main metabolite of ginseng, compound K, induced a dose-dependent but reversible hepatotoxicity in dogs [ 29 ] similar to the maesabalide saponins in the present study.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intravenous and Subcutaneous Toxicity and Absorption Kinetics in Mice and Dogs of the Antileishmanial Triterpene Saponin PX-6518

Maes

2013

Molecules

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The intravenous (IV) and subcutaneous (SC) toxicity and absorption kinetics of the antileishmanial triterpene saponin PX-6518 and its active constituents maesabalide-III and -IV were studied in mice and dogs. A high-dose wash-out study of PX-6518 at 20 mg/kg SC for 5 days and a single low-dose wash-out study at 1, 2.5 or 5 mg/kg SC and IV with follow-up until day 35 after treatment were performed in mice. Beagle dogs received three escalating doses of maesabalide-III and -IV at weekly intervals (0.01, 0.1 and 0.5 mg/kg IV and maesabalide-III was also dosed SC at 0.1, 0.2 and 0.4 mg/kg). Endpoint measurements included clinical, hematological and serum biochemical parameters. Pathology and toxicokinetic studies were performed on the dogs. Whereas the neutrophils and aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase levels were increased in the high-dose wash-out mouse study, these parameters did not change in the low-dose wash-out study. The dogs were far more susceptible than mice to liver toxicity (hepatocellular necrosis and elevated liver enzymes) and developed a painful inflammatory reaction at the SC injection site. Toxicokinetic analysis revealed a non dose-linear systemic availability with plasma concentrations above the antileishmanial IC50 after only a single dose at 0.01 mg/kg IV or 0.1 mg/kg SC. Related to the long half-life (T1/2 71–91 h after SC dosing), repeated dosing at weekly intervals may result in drug accumulation and enhanced toxicity. It was decided not to pursue further drug development for PX-6518 because of the hepatotoxic risk.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intravenous and Subcutaneous Toxicity and Absorption Kinetics in Mice and Dogs of the Antileishmanial Triterpene Saponin PX-6518

Maes

2013

Molecules

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“…As a result, the substance has a mild cytotoxic effect on the CaCo-2 colon cancer cell lines [40]. Phytochemical studies found pachypodol and other biflavonoids of the other kinds, such as calycopterones and calyflorenone, in plants such as P. cablin [77,96]. It has been discovered that several of these flavonoids and bioflavonoids have anti-tumor effects ( [97][98][99].…”

Section: Anticancer Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Review on Pharmacological Activities of Pachypodol: A Bioactive Compound of an Aromatic Medicinal Plant Pogostemon Cablin Benth

et al. 2023

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As is well known, plant products have been increasingly utilized in the pharmaceutical industry in recent years. By combining conventional techniques and modern methodology, the future of phytomedicines appears promising. Pogostemon Cablin (patchouli) is an important herb used frequently in the fragrance industries and has various therapeutic benefits. Traditional medicine has long used the essential oil of patchouli (P. cablin) as a flavoring agent recognized by the FDA. This is a gold mine for battling pathogens in China and India. In recent years, this plant has seen a significant surge in use, and approximately 90% of the world’s patchouli oil is produced by Indonesia. In traditional therapies, it is used for the treatment of colds, fever, vomiting, headaches, and stomachaches. Patchouli oil is used in curing many diseases and in aromatherapy to treat depression and stress, soothe nerves, regulate appetite, and enhance sexual attraction. More than 140 substances, including alcohols, terpenoids, flavonoids, organic acids, phytosterols, lignins, aldehydes, alkaloids, and glycosides, have been identified in P. cablin. Pachypodol (C18H16O7) is an important bioactive compound found in P. cablin. Pachypodol (C18H16O7) and many other biologically essential chemicals have been separated from the leaves of P. cablin and many other medicinally significant plants using repeated column chromatography on silica gel. Pachypodol’s bioactive potential has been shown by a variety of assays and methodologies. It has been found to have a number of biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-mutagenic, antimicrobial, antidepressant, anticancer, antiemetic, antiviral, and cytotoxic ones. The current study, which is based on the currently available scientific literature, intends to close the knowledge gap regarding the pharmacological effects of patchouli essential oil and pachypodol, a key bioactive molecule found in this plant.

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“…Rabbits and calves fed with fresh C. floribunda leaves showed morbidity and mortality with premonitory clinical signs like depression, downer status, and polyuria [4]. The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins and saponins [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical component and antimicrobial activity of volatile oil of Calycopteris floribunda

Yang

Zhang

et al. 2009

J. Cent. South Univ. Technol.

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The volatile oil of leaves and barks of Calycopteris floribunda was examined by gas chromatography−mass spectrometry (GC−MS). 52 volatile chemical components in leaves were identified. The antimicrobial assay of oils in the leaves and barks was carried out by disk diffusion method in vitro. The major components (mass fraction) in leaves are caryophyllene oxide (13.79%), n-hexadecanoic acid (11.91%) and β-caryophyllene (10.45%). Ten constituents are identified accounting for about 99.98% of the total volatile oil in the bark. Among these components, n-hexadecanoic acid (59.18%), linolic acid (12.70%) and butyl octyl phthalate (8.21%) are the major constituents. The oils exhibit strong antimicrobial activity and display more potent against bacteria than fungi.

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Toxicity studies of Calycopteris floribunda Lam. in calf, rabbit and rat

Cited by 10 publications

References 8 publications

Intravenous and Subcutaneous Toxicity and Absorption Kinetics in Mice and Dogs of the Antileishmanial Triterpene Saponin PX-6518

Intravenous and Subcutaneous Toxicity and Absorption Kinetics in Mice and Dogs of the Antileishmanial Triterpene Saponin PX-6518

A Comprehensive Review on Pharmacological Activities of Pachypodol: A Bioactive Compound of an Aromatic Medicinal Plant Pogostemon Cablin Benth

Chemical component and antimicrobial activity of volatile oil of Calycopteris floribunda

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