A Comprehensive Review on Pharmacological Activities of Pachypodol: A Bioactive Compound of an Aromatic Medicinal Plant Pogostemon Cablin Benth

Abstract

As is well known, plant products have been increasingly utilized in the pharmaceutical industry in recent years. By combining conventional techniques and modern methodology, the future of phytomedicines appears promising. Pogostemon Cablin (patchouli) is an important herb used frequently in the fragrance industries and has various therapeutic benefits. Traditional medicine has long used the essential oil of patchouli (P. cablin) as a flavoring agent recognized by the FDA. This is a gold mine for battling pathogens in China and India. In recent years, this plant has seen a significant surge in use, and approximately 90% of the world’s patchouli oil is produced by Indonesia. In traditional therapies, it is used for the treatment of colds, fever, vomiting, headaches, and stomachaches. Patchouli oil is used in curing many diseases and in aromatherapy to treat depression and stress, soothe nerves, regulate appetite, and enhance sexual attraction. More than 140 substances, including alcohols, terpenoids, flavonoids, organic acids, phytosterols, lignins, aldehydes, alkaloids, and glycosides, have been identified in P. cablin. Pachypodol (C18H16O7) is an important bioactive compound found in P. cablin. Pachypodol (C18H16O7) and many other biologically essential chemicals have been separated from the leaves of P. cablin and many other medicinally significant plants using repeated column chromatography on silica gel. Pachypodol’s bioactive potential has been shown by a variety of assays and methodologies. It has been found to have a number of biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-mutagenic, antimicrobial, antidepressant, anticancer, antiemetic, antiviral, and cytotoxic ones. The current study, which is based on the currently available scientific literature, intends to close the knowledge gap regarding the pharmacological effects of patchouli essential oil and pachypodol, a key bioactive molecule found in this plant.

Patchouli Alcohol: A Potent Tyrosinase Inhibitor Derived from Patchouli Essential Oil with Potential in the Development of a Skin-Lightening Agent

“…Currently, PEO stands as a pivotal ingredient in cosmetic products, valued for its herbaceous notes and fixative properties. Pharmacological studies have revealed that PEO has diverse bioactive components, which demonstrate anti-allergic and anti-acne properties, and antibacterial effects on the skin, as well as anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory benefits [23][24][25]. A previous study by Lin et al [20] reported that the topical application of patchouli oil prevents the cutaneous photoaging induced by UV radiation in mice by enhancing the skin's antioxidant defense mechanism.…”

The Potent Antimicrobial Spectrum of Patchouli: Systematic Review of Its Antifungal, Antibacterial, and Antiviral Properties

“…Another study also purified PO using a rotary evaporator to obtain light and high fractions of PO [21]. The light and high fractions were fractionated at 60°C-65°C and 115°C-160°C, respectively [21].…”

“…This plant is an herbal plant that people believe to be a therapeutic plant. P. cablin contained various biologically active components, including terpenoids, aldehydes, alkaloids, lignin, organic acids, alcohols, phytosterols, flavonoids, and glycosides [21]. This plant was also known as an aphrodisiac because it raises the secretion of the sex hormones estrogen and testosterone, thus supporting the disappearance of sexual fears and sluggish libido [22].…”

“…PO is an FDA-cleared flavoring material used in traditional medication to cure colds, fevers, puke, headaches, and upset stomachs for a long time. Some of the disorders can be successfully medicated using PO, which includes aromatherapy, to heal depression and mood stress as well as enhance sexual attraction [21]. This review article is necessary to inform the progress of research on the application of P. cablin as an antimicrobial agent from 2019-2023.…”

Characterization of titanium dioxide nanomaterials synthesized from leaf extract of Pogostemon cablin Benth and their potential antifungal activity

“…In this study, we took Pogostemon cablin for green synthesis and compared it with chemically synthesized TiO 2 NPs. The leaf extract of Pogostemon cablin is the richest source of secondary metabolites like alkaloids, phenolics, flavonoids and terpenoids [31][32][33]. A previous study reported that plants containing secondary metabolites can reduce metal salts into NPs, stabilize them, and serve as a capping agent [34].…”