Towards the ranking of airborne particle emissions from car brakes – a system approach

Perricone, Guido; Alemani, Mattia; Metinöz, Ibrahim; Matějka, Vlastimil; Wahlström, Jens; Olofsson, Ulf

doi:10.1177/0954407016662800

Cited by 42 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Considering the previous facts, if we look at Figure 3 we can see that the main contributor to the total amount of particles released during the whole cycle is the Country road block #1, especially for the standard cascade impactor test. The total particle sum obtained for the Whole cycle will not be affected if all the blocks are not considered, with the exception of Country road block #1, which is also in agreement with Perricone et al [33]. So, one can suppose that in Country road block #1, the critical temperature triggering a sudden ultrafine particle emission is reached, and this fraction is mainly composed of volatiles.…”

supporting

confidence: 88%

“…A disc brake dynamometer specifically designed for aerosol studies was used in this work. Design of this test stand was discussed in previous works [33,34]. The main features implemented in this test stand were: controlled clean air and isokinetic sampling with high sampling efficiency.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A modified SAE-J 2707 procedure was used during testing (see Table 3). This modified test procedure was first proposed by Perricone et al [33] to conduct particle emission measurements.…”

Section: Mgmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Test Stand Study on the Volatile Emissions of a Passenger Car Brake Assembly

et al. 2019

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Brake-related airborne particulate matter contributes to urban emissions in the transport sector. Recent research demonstrated a clear dependence of the number of ultra-fine particles on the disc brake temperature. Above the so-called transition temperature, the number of ultra-fine particles increases dramatically (several magnitudes). As for exhaust emissions, part of the emissions released during braking can be in the volatile fraction. For this reason, a disc brake test stand specifically designed for aerosol research was equipped with three different aerosol sampling instruments: (i) a standard cascade impactor, (ii) a cascade impactor operating at high temperature with a heated sampling line, and (iii) a standard cascade impactor with a thermodenuder. Tests with a brake assembly representative of European passenger vehicles were executed, and the concentration of released airborne particles was determined. The results showed a decrease by several magnitudes in the concentration (in the size range of below 200 nm) using the cascade impactor operating at 180 °C with the sampling line heated to 200 °C. A further decrease in the concentration of airborne particles with size fractions below 200 nm was measured using a standard cascade impactor with a thermodenuder heated to 300 °C.

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supporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Test Stand Study on the Volatile Emissions of a Passenger Car Brake Assembly

et al. 2019

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“…With reference to the original SAE procedure, every brake section was reduced by 10% in terms of stops number, apart for the burnish section that was kept the same as the original procedure. Moreover, the two highway blocks and the hill descent block were removed [19]. The same type of commercial pads and cast iron discs adopted for producing the PoD pins and discs were used for the dynamometer tests.…”

Section: Experimental Set-upmentioning

confidence: 99%

A critical comparison of dynamometer data with pin-on-disc data for the same two friction material pairs – A case study

Federici

Alemani

Menapace

et al. 2019

Wear

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Friction and wear behavior of brake materials is often investigated using Pin-on-Disc (PoD) or dynamometer tests. Dynamometer tests reproduce the real braking conditions since they are carried out on real parts. whereas PoD tests are carried out using small pins, under constant sliding velocity and contact pressure. In the present technical note, the friction and wear behavior of two commercial friction materials, a low-met and a nonasbestos organic (NAO) material, dry sliding against a pearlitic cast iron counterface disc was investigated. The PoD tests were carried out at room temperature and at 300°C; the dynamometer tests were conducted simulating urban braking conditions. The experimental data were compared and the main wear mechanisms were identified. The wear mechanisms observed with the PoD at room temperature turned out to be similar to those observed with the dynamometer tests. On the other hand, the PoD tests carried out at 300°C revealed particular features in the friction layer that were not detected in the dynamometric tests. As far as the tribological data are concerned, the average friction coefficients recorded during the dynamometric tests were similar to the values recorded in the PoD tests, whereas the wear coefficients were one order of magnitude lower, most probably due to the limited area of contact of the pins.

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“…The friction, wear, and particle emission performance of the sliding contact pairs in disc brakes can be studied on different scales, ranging from simplified material tests, to component tests with inertia dynamometers [8], [9], to full-scale field tests [8], [10]. Material tests in which the contact pair is replaced by simplified geometries are used to study the material behaviour in a controlled environment without considering the design of the disc brake.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%