Towards a natural classification and backbone tree for Sordariomycetes

Abstract

Sordariomycetes is one of the largest classes of Ascomycota and is characterised by perithecial ascomata and inoperculate unitunicate asci. The class includes many important plant pathogens, as well as endophytes, saprobes, epiphytes, and fungicolous, lichenized or lichenicolous taxa. The class includes freshwater, marine and terrestrial taxa and has a worldwide distribution. This paper provides an updated outline of the Sordariomycetes and a backbone tree incorporating asexual and sexual genera in the class. Based on phylogeny and morphology we introduced three subclasses; D i a p o r t h o m y c e t i d a e , L u l w o r t h i o m y c e t i d a e a n dTogniniales. The outline is based on literature to the end of 2014 and the backbone tree published in this paper. Notes for 397 taxa with information, such as new family and genera novelties, novel molecular data published since the Outline of Ascomycota 2009, and new links between sexual and asexual genera and thus synonymies, are provided. The Sordariomycetes now comprises six subclasses, 28 orders, 90 families and 1344 genera. In addition a list of 829 genera with uncertain placement in Sordariomycetes is also provided.

Towards a natural classification of Amplistromataceae

“…LSU phylogenetic analysis by Huhndorf et al (2009) indicate that Amplistromataceae has no close relationship with Chaetosphaeriales or Magnaporthaceae. In phylogenetic analyses of Maharachchikumbura et al (2015Maharachchikumbura et al ( , 2016) Amplistromatales appears to be distantly related to Meliolomycetidae and Sordariomycetidae and thus were referred to the Sordariomycetes order incertae sedis. Maharachchikumbura et al (2015) introduced a separate order, Amplistromatales, comprising two families, Amplistromataceae and Catabotrydaceae.…”

“…In phylogenetic analyses of Maharachchikumbura et al (2015Maharachchikumbura et al ( , 2016) Amplistromatales appears to be distantly related to Meliolomycetidae and Sordariomycetidae and thus were referred to the Sordariomycetes order incertae sedis. Maharachchikumbura et al (2015) introduced a separate order, Amplistromatales, comprising two families, Amplistromataceae and Catabotrydaceae. In our phylogenetic analysis similar results are obtained and hence we treat Amplistromatales in Sordariomycetes incertae sedis.…”

Towards incorporating asexual fungi in a natural classification: checklist and notes 2012–2016

“…Maharachchikumbura et al (2015) treated Conlarium in Sordariomycetidae, genera incertae sedis. However, Zhang et al (2017) introduced Conlariaceae (Atractosporales) to place this genus.…”

“…de Beer et al De Beer et al (2014) introduced this genus with a hyphomycetous asexual morph. Maharachchikumbura et al (2015) listed Davidsoniella under Ceratocystidaceae, Microascales.…”

“…Nevertheless, several recent studies have re-collected historic genera, subjected then to morpho-molecular analyses and provided taxonomic placements (Dai et al 2014, Wijayawardene et al 2013, Crous et al 2015a. Seifert et al (2011), Hyde et al (2013), Johnston et al (2014), Wijayawardene et al (2014Wijayawardene et al ( , 2017, Maharachchikumbura et al (2015, Rosman et al (2013Rosman et al ( , 2015aRosman et al ( , b, 2016, Réblová et al (2015Réblová et al ( , 2016 and Senanayake et al (2015) have provided significant taxonomic and nomenclatural changes for different taxonomic groups based on DNA sequence analyses.…”