Toward Smart Sensing by MXene

Abstract

MXene is typically exfoliated by selective etching the A layer of MAX phase. [1] One example of MXene, Ti 3 C 2 F x , satisfies the stoichiometric ratio of n + 1/n, in which M, X, and T stand for transition metals, carbon or nitrogen, terminal groups at surfaces, respectively. The MXene has exhibited extraordinary electrical, [2][3][4] optical, [5] mechanical, [6][7][8] and electrochemical properties [9] since its first discovery, [10] which has become an emerging material for sensing, [11,12] communication, [13,14] energy, [15,16] environmental, [17] and healthcare applications. [18][19][20] There are many reviews existing for electrochemical energy storage, including supercapacitors, lithium ion batteries, [21][22][23] sodium ion batteries, zinc ion batteries, [24][25][26] lithium-sulfur batteries, and energy conversions, [27][28][29] includingThe Internet of Things era has promoted enormous research on sensors, communications, data fusion, and actuators. Among them, sensors are a prerequisite for acquiring the environmental information for delivering to an artificial data center to make decisions. The MXene-based sensors have aroused tremendous interest because of their extraordinary performances. In this review, the electrical, electronic, and optical properties of MXenes are first introduced. Next, the MXene-based sensors are discussed according to the sensing mechanisms such as electronic, electrochemical, and optical methods. Initially, biosensors are introduced based on chemiresistors and field-effect transistors. Besides, the wearable pressure sensor is demonstrated with piezoresistive devices. Third, the electrochemical methods include amperometry and electrochemiluminescence as examples. In addition, the optical approaches refer to surface plasmonic resonance and fluorescence resonance energy transfer. Moreover, the prospects are delivered of multimodal data fusion toward complicated human-like senses. Eventually, future opportunities for MXene research are conveyed in the new material discovery, structure design, and proof-of-concept devices.

Ti3C2Tx MXene-Based Multifunctional Tactile Sensors for Precisely Detecting and Distinguishing Temperature and Pressure Stimuli

“…Meanwhile, the electrical resistance of the 3D MXene structure can efficiently respond to pressure on the basis of deforming the conducting network, benefiting thermoelectric and piezoresistive applications. , In addition, the excellent electrical conductivity of MXene can contribute to the ultralow noise and high signal-to-noise ratio of the output electrical signals, which are crucial for achieving a high-resolution sensing performance. More importantly, the hydrophilic surface moieties (e.g., -OH) on Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene sheets make them easily processable, facilitating facile device fabrications. − Therefore, despite the low S T value, Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene is likely to provide an opportunity to develop dual-mode temperature–pressure sensors with large-scale application potentials.…”

A High Performance Triboelectric Nanogenerator Based on MXene/Graphene Oxide Electrode for Glucose Detection

“…On the other hand, the rich surface terminations such as -F, -OH and -O greatly influence the electrical, mechanical and electrochemical properties [ 35 ]. In particular, MXene has become an emerging material for smart sensing on account of its electrochemical property [ 36 ]. It has been applied to gas sensors [ 37 ], electrochemical sensors [ 38 ] and biosensors [ 39 ].…”

Tribo‐ferro‐optoelectronic neuromorphic transistor of α‐In2Se3

“…Two‐dimensional van der Waals materials have excellent physical properties, including ultrathin layered structures, no dangling bonds, and high carrier mobility, [5,6] and can be used in many fields, such as smart sensing [7–9] . The α ‐phase indium selenide ( α ‐In 2 Se 3 ) has been widely researched as an emerging two‐dimensional ferroelectric semiconductor [10] possessing in‐plane (IP) or out‐of‐plane (OOP) ferroelectricity at room temperature [11–14] and excellent optoelectronic [15] and thermoelectric properties [16,17] .…”

“…Two-dimensional van der Waals materials have excellent physical properties, including ultrathin layered structures, no dangling bonds, and high carrier mobility, [5,6] and can be used in many fields, such as smart sensing. [7][8][9] The α-phase indium selenide (α-In 2 Se 3 ) has been widely researched as an emerging two-dimensional ferroelectric semiconductor [10] possessing in-plane (IP) or out-of-plane (OOP) ferroelectricity at room temperature [11][12][13][14] and excellent optoelectronic [15] and thermoelectric properties. [16,17] In recent years, α-In 2 Se 3 has been mainly used in ferroelectric junctions [18][19][20] and ferroelectric semiconductor-based field effect transistors, [21][22][23][24] presenting important applications in nonvolatile storage, neuromorphic computing, photodetection, and photovoltaics.…”