Toward improved understanding of the cell-wall density and porosity of wood determined by gas pycnometry

Zauer, Mario; Pfriem, Alexander; Wagenführ, André

doi:10.1007/s00226-013-0568-1

Cited by 66 publications

(50 citation statements)

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“…Kellogg and Wangaard (1969) after analyzing 18 species found that ρ walls values range from 1497 to 1517 kg m −3 for the hardwoods and from 1517 to 1529 kg m −3 for the softwoods studied. This result contradicts the findings of Zauer et al (2013) who observed lower cell wall density in softwood than in hardwood. In a recent study, Plötze and Niemz (2011) obtained an average value of 1493 kg m −3 with a minimum of 1458 kg m −3 for Nauclea diderrichii and a maximum of 1528 kg m −3 for Q. robur.…”

Section: Advantages and Drawbacks Of The Methodscontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…The value of 1500 kg m −3 is widely accepted in the fields of tree growth and wood quality. It is known, however, that ρ walls density depends on species, sample preparation, and the method of measurement (Zauer et al 2013). Stamm (1929) obtained values for ρ walls between 1484 and 1536 kg m −3 .…”

Section: Advantages and Drawbacks Of The Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The value for F. sylvatica is 1472 kg m −3 . Zauer et al (2013) reported the value of 1510 kg m −3 for A. pseudoplatanus. On the basis of this review of the literature and in the absence of a large study on temperate species reporting density data on wood cell walls for the five species analyzed here, a common ρ walls value of 1500 kg m −3 is the best choice.…”

Section: Advantages and Drawbacks Of The Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Within-stem maps of wood density and water content for characterization of species: a case study on three hardwood and two softwood species

Longuetaud

Mothe

Fournier

et al. 2016

Annals of Forest Science

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Abstract• Key message Variability and interrelations between wood density, water content, and related properties were analyzed by CT scanning of five species. Relative water content of lumens is proposed as the best complement to basic specific gravity for discrimination of species with respect to their functioning. Handling Editor: Jean-Michel LebanContribution of the co-authors Fleur Longuetaud designed the experiment, run the data analysis and was the main writer. Frédéric Mothe designed the experiment, run the data analysis and contributed to the writing. Meriem Fournier contributed to the discussions and to the writing. Jana Dlouha contributed to the discussions and to the writing. Philippe Santenoise helped to run the data analysis and contributed to the writing. Christine Deleuze supervised the work, coordinated the EMERGE project and contributed to the writing. • Context X-ray computed tomography (CT) is an efficient tool for analysis of wood properties related to density and water content all along a tree stem. Basic specific gravity, an inherent property of the wood material, is well known and widely used in wood sciences.• Aims The first aim of this study was to describe a method for mapping a set of wood properties within a tree stem. The second objective was to analyze the relations among these properties and to identify the one that offers the best information in addition to basic specific gravity for discrimination of species.• Methods Wood discs were collected at various heights along a tree stem. We used a method consisting of comparing the CT images of the discs in the green state and after oven drying. Finally, 10 variables were computed for 115 trees of five temperate species: green, oven-dry, and basic specific gravities; moisture content; relative water content; relative water content of lumens; and fractions of air, water, free water, and cell walls.• Results Maps of wood properties summarizing the radial and vertical variations were obtained, allowing us to highlight species-specific patterns. The five species were discriminated best when plotted in the plane defined by basic specific gravity and relative water content of lumens.• Conclusion The proposed method is original and simple enough to process large samples. Because it correlated less with basic specific gravity than with moisture content, relative water content of lumens was selected for species characterization. This is the first study of such wood properties at this fine scale within a tree stem, simultaneously and for a substantial number of trees of five species including both hardwoods and softwoods.

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Section: Advantages and Drawbacks Of The Methodscontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Advantages and Drawbacks Of The Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Advantages and Drawbacks Of The Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Within-stem maps of wood density and water content for characterization of species: a case study on three hardwood and two softwood species

Longuetaud

Mothe

Fournier

et al. 2016

Annals of Forest Science

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“…El cálculo de su correlación: A = 3.65 j + 103, con un coeficiente de determinación (R 2 ) de 0.15, sugiere que no existe una relación entre la porosidad de la madera y la absorción de sales de boro. La magnitud de las porosidades estimadas son similares a las propuestas por Zauer et al (2013) Zauer et al (2013Zauer et al ( y 2014, la determinación de la absorción de una madera depende igualmente del método de medición y del estado tecnológico de la muestra estudiada.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…Respecto a la porosidad de maderas mexicanas, Sotomayor-Castellanos & Ramírez-Pérez (2013) relacionan y clasifican valores del paráme-tro de porcentaje de espacios vacíos para 134 especies nacionales. El porcentaje de espacios vacíos representa la magnitud de la porosidad de la madera de acuerdo con los trabajos de Plötze & Niemz (2011), Tondi et al (2012), Zauer, Pfriem & Wagenführ (2013 y Zauer, Hempel, Pfriem, Mechtcherine & Wagenführ (2014).…”

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Retention and absorption of boron salts solution of ten mexican woods

Castellanos

Aguilar

2016

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RESUMENLas sales de boro son un agente protector para la madera con un amplio espectro en su acción fungicida e insecticida, de poca toxicidad, inodoras, incoloras e incombustibles, y su aplicación es una de las estrategias más efectivas de preservación. La presente investigación tuvo por objetivo determinar la densidad de la madera, la absorción y la retención de sales de boro de diez maderas mexicanas. Se propuso como hipótesis de trabajo que la capacidad de retención de sales de boro de la madera depende, principalmente, de la especie, y es independiente de la densidad y de la porosidad. Se prepararon 30 litros de solución de sales de boro con una concentración al 3%. Las probetas se impregnaron con el método baño caliente-frío. Se diseñó un experimento de análisis de varianza para comparar los valores medios de la densidad de la madera, de la absorción y de la retención, como las variables de respuesta, evaluadas para cada una de las diez especies de madera. La especie de madera fue considerada el factor de variación. La absorción de sales de boro varió entre 136 kg/m 3 y 476 kg/m 3 . Los valores promedio de retención de sales de boro para todas las especies fueron mayores que el límite inferior tóxico de retención comprendido en el intervalo de retención que va de 0.2 kg/m 3 a 4.7 kg/m 3 , reportado en trabajos anteriores. Se concluye que cada especie tiene una retención de sales de boro diferente, y la capacidad de absorción es particular a cada una de ellas y no está relacionada con su densidad. ABSTRACTBoron salts are a wood protector agent with a wide spectrum in their fungicidal and insecticide action and of low toxicity, odorless, colorless and nonflammable, and their application is one of the most effective preservation strategies. This research aims to determine the density of wood, absorption and retention of the boron salts of ten Mexican woods. The working hypothesis proposed in this investigation is that wood retention capacity of boron salts depends mainly on the species and is independent of its density and porosity. Thirty liters of boron salts solution with a concentration of 3 % were prepared, the wood specimens were impregnated by following the "hot-cold bath" method. It was designed an experiment that compared means of the density of wood, the absorption and the retention, as the response variables, assessed for each one of the ten wood species. Wood species was considered as the variation factor. Absorption of Boron salts varied between 136 kg/m 3 and 476 kg/m 3 . Average values of the boron salts retention for all species were higher than lower retention toxicity limit reported in previous researches (0.2 kg/m 3 to 4.7 kg/m 3 ). It was concluded that each species has different boron salts retention. Absorption capacity is specific to each species and it is not related to the wood density.

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Transforming wood as next‐generation structural and functional materials for a sustainable future

Farid

Rafiq

Ali

et al. 2021

EcoMat

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Wood as an ecofriendly and renewable natural material has been extensively modified through various delignification protocols to preserve its natural structure and fiber direction. The increased porosity and permeability of wood scaffold thus provide excellent opportunities for material infiltration and densification. Wood features in hierarchical structure and biocompatibility are combined with cutting‐edge processings to overcome the weaknesses for vast applications. These new modifications have explored the great potentials of wood as a next‐generation structural and functional material. This review updates the state‐of‐the‐art physicochemical modifications and strategies to prepare versatile wood hydrogels, aerogels, membranes, and fibers with different physicochemical features. Discussion is elaborated to explore the immense breadth of wood as next‐generation material for applications in biomedical, energy storage, sensors, separation, and buildings. Finally, the main challenges of wood scaffold engineering are represented along with potential solutions and directions for developing wood‐based high‐performance structural and functional materials.

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Toward improved understanding of the cell-wall density and porosity of wood determined by gas pycnometry

Cited by 66 publications

References 17 publications

Within-stem maps of wood density and water content for characterization of species: a case study on three hardwood and two softwood species

Within-stem maps of wood density and water content for characterization of species: a case study on three hardwood and two softwood species

Retention and absorption of boron salts solution of ten mexican woods

Transforming wood as next‐generation structural and functional materials for a sustainable future

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