Within-stem maps of wood density and water content for characterization of species: a case study on three hardwood and two softwood species

Longuetaud, Fleur; Mothe, Frédéric; Fournier, Mériem; Dlouhá, Jana; Santenoise, Philippe; Deleuze, Christine

doi:10.1007/s13595-016-0555-4

Cited by 32 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Indeed, this shows some resemblance to Kibblewhite's [79] schematic for mature corewood as a zone of wood with properties from pith to bark that differed from the juvenile corewood and juvenile outerwood found lower in the tree. Note that similar wood density maps have been generated for other conifer genera (Abies, Picea, Pseudotsuga), and while they show some longitudinal variability, they do not have the same general pattern of decreasing corewood density from the base to the top of the tree [80,81].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Models for Predicting Specific Gravity and Ring Width for Loblolly Pine from Intensively Managed Plantations, and Implications for Wood Utilization

Dahlen

Auty

Eberhardt

2018

Forests

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Abstract:Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) is increasingly grown on intensively managed plantations that yield high growth rates. Wood properties, including specific gravity (SG), change with cambial age, and thus intensively managed trees contain a high proportion of low density corewood when harvested because of reduced rotation lengths. This study was undertaken to develop models of ring-level properties (SG and width) in intensively managed loblolly pine plantations. Ninety-three trees from five stands aged from 24 to 33 years were harvested, and 490 disks were obtained from in between the 5.2-m logs that were cut, and at the merchantable top. The disks were cut into pith-to-bark radial strips that were scanned on an X-ray densitometer, and the resultant data analyzed using non-linear mixed-effects models. The fixed effects of the models, which included cambial age and for some models disk height and ring width, were able to explain 56, 46, 54, 16, and 46 percent of the within-tree variation for ring SG, ring width, latewood SG, earlywood SG, and latewood percent, respectively. To assess implications for wood utilization, a modeled tree was built by using height, diameter, and taper equations and these models were linked with the developed ring SG model to produce a tree properties map. The linked information was also used to generate tree and log SG and proportion of corewood values for different rotation ages. The results from this study are a step towards integrating wood quality models into growth-and-yield modeling systems that are important for loblolly pine plantation management.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Models for Predicting Specific Gravity and Ring Width for Loblolly Pine from Intensively Managed Plantations, and Implications for Wood Utilization

Dahlen

Auty

Eberhardt

2018

Forests

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“…The biological material was already used in a previous paper by Longuetaud et al (2016) which focused on the description of a method for mapping wood properties within-stems by using X-ray computed tomography. Five temperate species growing in France were sampled: three hardwoods (Quercus petraea/robur, Fagus sylvatica and Acer pseudoplatanus) and two softwoods (A. alba and P. menziesii).…”

Section: Experimental Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By means of a more intensive sampling along the stem and by using X-ray computed tomography for analysing the sample discs, it is possible to access relatively easily radial, azimuthal and vertical variations within stem of some wood properties related to wood specific gravity and/or water content (Longuetaud et al 2016). (Longuetaud et al 2016) showed that among the studied variables, two were statistically independent and thus were suitable to be used as complementary traits for characterising species: basic specific gravity (BSG), which is the ratio of oven-dry weight to green volume relative to the density of water, and relative water content of lumens (RWC L ), which is the proportion of the cell voids occupied by water.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…RWC is in general used to estimate the hydraulic capacitance of wood in order to assess the use of water stored in the tissue. In previous study (Longuetaud et al 2016), we suggested the use of RWC L rather than RWC, by removing from the computation of the water available for buffering the fluctuations in water potential the water bound in the cell walls that cannot be withdrawn from the tissue. Use of RWC may indeed introduce an important bias in particular when comparing capacitance of species or wood types (earlywood vs latewood) with contrasted densities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Three contrasted anatomical patterns (ring-porous, diffuse-porous and softwood) and a wide range of shade-tolerances (Niinemets and Valladares 2006) were represented (Table 1). The methodology based on Xray measurements on discs is detailed in (Longuetaud et al 2016). The dataset collected for this study concerns more than 1200 discs representing a total of 113 trees.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Patterns of within-stem variations in wood specific gravity and water content for five temperate tree species

Longuetaud

Mothe

Santenoise

et al. 2017

Annals of Forest Science

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Abstract• Key message Intensive measurements of basic specific gravity and relative water content of lumens show that within-stem variations strongly depend on species and cannot be summarised through the typical patterns Handling Editor: Jean-Michel LebanContribution of the co-authors Fleur Longuetaud: designed the experiment, run the data analysis and was the main writer. Frédéric Mothe: designed the experiment, run the data analysis and contributed to the writing. Philippe Santenoise: helped to run the data analysis and contributed to the writing. Ndiaye Diop: helped to run the data analysis and contributed to the writing. Jana Dlouha: helped with discussions and contributed to the writing. Meriem Fournier: helped with discussions and contributed to the writing. Christine Deleuze: supervised the work and coordinated EMERGE project. • Context Knowledge of the distribution of wood properties within the tree is essential for understanding tree physiology as well as for biomass estimations and for assessing the quality of wood products.• Aims The radial and vertical variations of basic specific gravity (BSG) and relative water content of lumens (RWC L ) were studied for five species: Quercus petraea/robur, Fagus sylvatica, Acer pseudoplatanus, Abies alba and Pseudotsuga menziesii. The observations were compared with typical patterns of variations reported in the literature.• Methods Wood discs were sampled regularly along tree stems and X-rayed in their fresh and oven-dry states.• Results At breast height, BSG was found to clearly increase radially (pith to bark) for two species and to decrease for one species. For F. sylvatica and A. alba, the radial variations of BSG were rather U-shaped, with in particular inner wood areas showing respectively lower and higher BSG than the corresponding mature wood. RWC L increased generally from inner to outer area but wet sapwood was clearly distinguishable only for the coniferous species. Vertical variations of BSG and RWC L were strongly dependant on the species with usually non-linear patterns.• Conclusion The observed variations of BSG were only partially in agreement with the reported typical radial patterns. Despite the vertical variations, the mean BSG of a cross-section at breast height appeared to be a good estimator of the mean BSG of the whole stem (although the difference was statistically significant for coniferous species), whereas breast height measurement of RWC L was not representative of the whole stem.

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Associations between shade tolerance and wood specific gravity for conifers in contrast to angiosperm trees: Foundations of the conifer fitness‐enhancing shade tolerance hypothesis

Tucker,

Maguire,

Tupinambá‐Simões

2023

Plant Enviro Interactions

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For decades, researchers have held that wood specific gravity was an indicator or surrogate for both shade tolerance and successional status. However, recent research in dry tropical forests has shown very different associations regarding wood specific gravity. Past analyses of the tolerance and wood properties of tree species have focused on pooled coniferous and angiosperm species in temperate regions; fewer analyses have been conducted separately for conifers and angiosperm species. A database was compiled for the wood properties and/or tolerance scores of 542 temperate Northern Hemisphere conifer and angiosperm trees. Plant strategy was defined by shade tolerance (Tshade), drought tolerance (Tdrought), and polytolerance (Tpoly = Tshade + Tdrought) and fundamental wood properties were represented by basic specific gravity (SGbasic), relative stiffness (MOE/SGbasic), and relative strength (MOR/SGbasic). Simple linear regressions tested the significance (p < .05) of correlations between plant strategy and wood properties. Conifers, unlike angiosperm trees, showed a negative correlation between Tshade and SGbasic and a positive correlation between Tshade and both MOE/SGbasic and MOR/SGbasic. Only angiosperm trees had a significant correlation between Tpoly and both SGbasic and MOE/SGbasic, but both conifers and angiosperm trees had a significant correlation between Tdrought and both SGbasic and MOE/SGbasic. Shade tolerance, as a plant strategy, has functional implications for wood properties in temperate Northern Hemisphere conifers but not in associated angiosperms. The implied functional link between wood properties (SGbasic) and shade tolerance hypothetically extends to other fitness‐enhancing traits impacted by SGbasic, such as growth rates and species maximum height.

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Within-stem maps of wood density and water content for characterization of species: a case study on three hardwood and two softwood species

Cited by 32 publications

References 26 publications

Models for Predicting Specific Gravity and Ring Width for Loblolly Pine from Intensively Managed Plantations, and Implications for Wood Utilization

Models for Predicting Specific Gravity and Ring Width for Loblolly Pine from Intensively Managed Plantations, and Implications for Wood Utilization

Patterns of within-stem variations in wood specific gravity and water content for five temperate tree species

Associations between shade tolerance and wood specific gravity for conifers in contrast to angiosperm trees: Foundations of the conifer fitness‐enhancing shade tolerance hypothesis

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