Toward enabling broadband for a billion plus population with TV white spaces

Kumar, Animesh; Karandikar, Abhay; Naik, Gaurang; Khaturia, Meghna; Saha, Shubham; Arora, M. S.; Singh, Jaspreet

doi:10.1109/mcom.2016.7509375

Cited by 56 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 16 publications

(26 reference statements)

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“…Spectrum measurements have shown large availability of TV White Space spectrum, especially in rural areas, e.g., [168,169]. WiFi, while noting that the first covers significantly longer distances.…”

Section: Tv White Space (Tvws)/ Cognitive Radio (Cr)mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Key 6G Challenge and Opportunity - Connecting the Remaining 4 Billions: A Survey on Rural Connectivity

Yaacoub¹,

Alouini²

2019

Preprint

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DRAFT 4) Hyper Connected: This scenario corresponds to people enjoying state-of-the-art connectivity, e.g., at least 4G and possibly 5G cellular connectivity, and/or with high speed fixed DSL or FTTH or FTTN connectivity. These subscribers typically live in urban areas, and it is extremely difficult to find them in rural areas, due to the numerous barriers discussed previously. This paper surveys the literature aiming to provide basic connectivity to the unconnected population, or aiming to increase the connectivity level of those with basic connectivity ("Under Hence, the challenges for FSO in space are less critical, and indeed significantly better performance can be achieved, especially due to the fact that the optical signal is not traversing the atmosphere. In 2008, an optical inter-satellite link achieved a data rate transmission of 5.6 Gbps for distances up to 5, 000 km in the European Data Relay satellite System (EDRS). Newer terminals can transmit at a data rate of 1.8 Gbps for distances up to 45, 000 km. The intersatellite Ka band link achieved 300 Mbps [44]. In EDRS, LEO satellites relay the data from ground stations to GEO satellites using FSO for the GEO-LEO satellite communication, and RF bands for communication with the ground stations (similarly to the satellite-satellite Ka link, the satellite-ground Ka link achieved 300 Mbps) [44]. Some of the recent satellite constellations discussed in Section II-E, e.g., Starlink, are also expected to use FSO for its inter-satellite communication [45,46,47]. D. HAPs/Drones/UAVs/BalloonsTo solve the coverage problem in large rural areas without relying on the deployment of costly wired infrastructure for backhaul, HAPs and UAVs are generally recommended [48].UAVs are proposed in [49] to provide backhaul connectivity for ground 5G base stations. A steering algorithm to allow the antennas of the UAV and the ground BS to be dynamically steered towards each other is proposed in [49], and tested via an experimental setup. In[50], a multihop network of HAPs is proposed for providing backhaul connectivity to TVWS deployments in rural areas. The HAPs communicate with each other using mmWave frequencies, and with the ground stations using FSO.An interference alignment scheme to maximize the sum-rate capacity of HAPs communicating with GSs is proposed in [51]. The scheme assumes M HAP drones and N GSs, with no CSI at the HAPs. A tethered balloon with (M − 1) × (N − 1) antennas is used as a decode and forward (DF) relay with half-duplex operation: The HAPs transmit their data to the GSs first, then the tethered balloon relays the data after performing pre-coding [51].Aerostats filled with lighter than air gas are tethered to the ground and used to provide connectivity to rural areas in [52]. Although these tethered aerostats can be used to provide backhaul connectivity by communicating with each other using directive antennas, they were also used in [52] to provide fronthaul WiFi access by using high gain omnidirectional antennas.

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Section: Tv White Space (Tvws)/ Cognitive Radio (Cr)mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Key 6G Challenge and Opportunity - Connecting the Remaining 4 Billions: A Survey on Rural Connectivity

Yaacoub¹,

Alouini²

2019

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) and drones have surfaced as an aerial option for Internet connectivity, but this solution is only viable for metropolis and costs associated with their deployment in a village/hamlet are too high to afford [7]. The use of TV band white spaces has been tested for rural Internet connectivity by researchers in [17] with relatively lower costs, however the provisioning of optical fiber in villages for backhauling traffic might be a tough ask for thorough rural coverage.…”

Section: Feasibility and Challenges For Rural Coveragementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this case, an LTE base station makes use of TVWS and results have shown that downlink speeds up to 45 Mbps can be achieved successfully, albeit with specialized user equipment. The researchers have also advocated TVWS for rural connectivity by making use of optical fiber in selective villages to backhaul the aggregated data to a centralized point [17], however, this arrangement might not be an optimistic investment for a service provider on a large scale. In this context, we propose that the vista of using TVWS for rural Internet access can be utilized with the wireless backhaul of 5G architecture in a cost-effective manner.…”

Section: Use Of Tvws With 5g Architecturementioning

confidence: 99%

Feasibility, architecture and cost considerations of using TVWS for rural Internet access in 5G

Khalil

Qadir

Onireti

et al. 2017

2017 20th Conference on Innovations in Clouds, Internet and Networks (ICIN)

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Abstract-The cellular technology is mostly an urban technology that has been unable to serve rural areas well. This is because the traditional cellular models are not economical for areas with low user density and lesser revenues. In 5G cellular networks, the coverage dilemma is likely to remain the same, thus widening the rural-urban digital divide further. It is about time to identify the root cause that has hindered the rural technology growth and analyse the possible options in 5G architecture to address this issue. We advocate that it can only be accomplished in two phases by sequentially addressing economic viability followed by performance progression. We deliberate how various works in literature focus on the later stage of this 'two-phase' problem and are not feasible to implement in the first place. We propose the concept of TV band white space (TVWS) dovetailed with 5G infrastructure for rural coverage and show that it can yield cost-effectiveness from a service provider's perspective.

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“…This results in different spectrum emission mask requirements in different markets. In general the interest in using TVWS communications is highest in the rural areas of developing countries, where more TVWS spectrum is available and providing Internet backhaul is difficult [43,44]. In developed countries, the lack of TVWS spectrum and complexity of the system hinder the investments to TVWS networks.…”

Section: The Utilization Of Uhf Tv Broadcasting Spectrum In Europementioning

confidence: 99%

Coexistence of DTT and Mobile Broadband: A Survey and Guidelines for Field Measurements

Kalliovaara

Ekman

Talmola

et al. 2017

Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing

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This article provides a survey and a general methodology for coexistence studies between digital terrestrial television (DTT) and mobile broadband (MBB) systems in the ultra high frequency (UHF) broadcasting band. The methodology includes characterization of relevant field measurement scenarios and gives a step-by-step guideline on how to obtain reliable field measurement results to be used in conjunction with link budget analyses, laboratory measurements, and simulations. A survey of potential European coexistence scenarios and regulatory status is given to determine feasible future use scenarios for the UHF television (TV) broadcasting band. The DTT reception system behavior and performance are also described as they greatly affect the amount of spectrum potentially available for MBB use and determine the relevant coexistence field measurement scenarios. Simulation methods used in determining broadcast protection criteria and in coexistence studies are briefly described to demonstrate how the information obtained from field measurements can be used to improve their accuracy. The presented field measurement guidelines can be applied to any DTT-MBB coexistence scenarios and to a wide range of spectrum sharing and cognitive radio system coexistence measurements.

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Toward enabling broadband for a billion plus population with TV white spaces

Cited by 56 publications

References 16 publications

A Key 6G Challenge and Opportunity - Connecting the Remaining 4 Billions: A Survey on Rural Connectivity

A Key 6G Challenge and Opportunity - Connecting the Remaining 4 Billions: A Survey on Rural Connectivity

Feasibility, architecture and cost considerations of using TVWS for rural Internet access in 5G

Coexistence of DTT and Mobile Broadband: A Survey and Guidelines for Field Measurements

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