This paper presents results from spectrum occupancy measurements in the 2.3-2.4 GHz band at Turku, Finland and Chicago, USA. The band is currently under study in European regulation and standardization for mobile communication systems. We review the recently introduced Licensed Shared Access (LSA) concept as a potential means for making the 2.3-2.4 GHz band available for mobile communications on a shared basis while protecting the rights of the incumbent spectrum users. The spectrum occupancy measurements conducted in one location in Finland show that the use of this band is rather low indicating that there might be potential for mobile communication systems to share this band with the incumbents under the LSA approach.
White spaces are locally or temporally available frequencies that are principally reserved for primary use such as TV broadcasting. The currently prevalent view to the utilization of such spectrum resources is that white space devices must query a geolocation database to obtain information about available frequencies and related maximum transmission powers. A geolocation database is fundamentally based on field strength estimates of the primary service obtained using radio propagation models. However, field strength estimates for geographically extensive broadcast networks are typically computed for spatial resolutions of hundreds of square meters. Therefore, even with the most sophisticated propagation models currently available, the predicted values always contain errors due to the limited geographical information. To overcome such deficiency, we propose a geostatistical approach for estimating the radio environment based on universal kriging interpolation. In addition, we optimize the locations of field measurements using spatial simulated annealing, and show that it improves significantly local field strength estimates.
This article provides a survey and a general methodology for coexistence studies between digital terrestrial television (DTT) and mobile broadband (MBB) systems in the ultra high frequency (UHF) broadcasting band. The methodology includes characterization of relevant field measurement scenarios and gives a step-by-step guideline on how to obtain reliable field measurement results to be used in conjunction with link budget analyses, laboratory measurements, and simulations. A survey of potential European coexistence scenarios and regulatory status is given to determine feasible future use scenarios for the UHF television (TV) broadcasting band. The DTT reception system behavior and performance are also described as they greatly affect the amount of spectrum potentially available for MBB use and determine the relevant coexistence field measurement scenarios. Simulation methods used in determining broadcast protection criteria and in coexistence studies are briefly described to demonstrate how the information obtained from field measurements can be used to improve their accuracy. The presented field measurement guidelines can be applied to any DTT-MBB coexistence scenarios and to a wide range of spectrum sharing and cognitive radio system coexistence measurements.
This paper describes the design of a testbed for experimental validation and trialing of 5G vertical applications. The paper introduces the challenges that 5G aims to solve with regard to the spectrum demand and the convergence of different wireless communication services. The European-level 5G research program 5G Public Private Partnership (5G-PPP) is a coordinated European approach to secure European leadership in 5G. The 5G-PPP has developed a 5G Pan-European Trials Roadmap, which includes a comprehensive strategy for coordinated international preliminary and pre-commercial trials. The objective in designing Turku University of Applied Sciences (TUAS) testbed infrastructure in Turku, Finland, has been in building a testbed that can be used to contribute to the development, standardization and trialing of wireless communications in a diverse selection of scenarios and vertical applications. In addition, the paper describes the spectrum monitoring capabilities at TUAS facilities.
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