Tourism and recreation listed as a threat for a wide diversity of vascular plants: A continental scale review

Rankin, Benjamin Luke; Ballantyne, Mark; Pickering, Catherine Marina

doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.10.035

Cited by 32 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Even for some countries with a good track record in research and with governments that recognise the importance of threatened species, there can still be an underrepresentation of data in the IUCN Red List data. Australia is a clear example of this, with only five species of orchids from Australia on the Red List, even though there are 200 species of orchids on the Australian Government's own list of threatened plants (Rankin et al 2015;Australian Government 2016).…”

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying anthropogenic threats to orchids using the IUCN Red List

Wraith

Pickering

2017

Ambio

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Orchids are diverse, occur in a wide range of habitats and dominate threatened species lists, but which orchids are threatened, where and by what? Using the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List, we assessed the range and diversity of threats to orchids globally including identifying four threat syndromes: (1) terrestrial orchids in forests that are endemic to a country and threatened by illegal collecting; (2) orchids threatened by climate change, pollution, transportation and disturbance/development for tourism, and recreation activities, often in East Asia; (3) epiphytic orchids in Sub-Saharan Africa including Madagascar with diverse threats; and (4) South and Southeast Asia orchids threatened by land clearing for shifting agriculture. Despite limitations in the Red List data, the results highlight how conservation efforts can focus on clusters of co-occurring threats in regions while remaining aware of the trifecta of broad threats from plant collecting, land clearing and climate change.

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Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying anthropogenic threats to orchids using the IUCN Red List

Wraith

Pickering

2017

Ambio

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“…With the growing numbers of outdoor recreationists, their impact on the environment is likely to be increasing (Rankin et al , Tolvanen and Kangas ). Wildlife responds to the presence of humans in their habitats (Beale and Monaghan ), with reactions varying from physiological responses such as increased heart rate (Weimerskirch et al ) or increased stress hormone levels (Walker et al , Formenti et al ) to behavioral reactions which include fleeing or flushing (Keller , Miller et al , Thiel et al , Sönnichsen et al ) and behavioral adaptations such as changes in vigilance behavior (Fernández‐Juricic and Telleria , Beale and Monaghan , Jayakody et al ).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Outdoor recreation causes effective habitat reduction in capercaillie Tetrao urogallus: a major threat for geographically restricted populations

Coppes

Ehrlacher

Thiel

et al. 2017

Journal of Avian Biology

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Outdoor recreation inflicts a wide array of impacts on individual animals, many of them reflected in the avoidance of disturbed areas. The scale and spatial extent, however, at which wildlife populations are affected, are mostly unclear. Particularly in geographically isolated populations, where restricted habitat availability may preclude a relocation to undisturbed areas, effective habitat reduction may remain underestimated or even unnoticed, when animals stay in disturbed areas and only show small‐scale responses. Based on telemetry data, we investigated the spatial and seasonal effects of outdoor recreation – in relation to landscape and vegetation conditions – on western capercaillie Tetrao urogallus, considering two scales, home range and within‐home range habitat selection. We determined the distance‐thresholds up to which recreation infrastructures were avoided and estimated the extent of affected habitat for the isolated Black Forest (southwestern Germany) study population. While outdoor recreation did not affect home range selection, strong effects on habitat use within the home range were detected: distance to recreation infrastructure (hiking and cross‐country skiing trails, ski pistes) was the main determinant of habitat selection in winter; in summer, mountain bike trails and hiker's restaurants were avoided up to an average distance of 145 m (CI: 60–1092 m). Around winter‐infrastructure, relative avoidance was recorded up to 320 m (CI: 36–327 m), it was reduced, however, when dense understory provided visual cover. Of the entire population area, between 8–20% (summer) and 8–40% (winter) were affected by outdoor recreation, mainly in the high altitudes. Even without evident large‐scale shifts in species distribution, local‐scale avoidance of outdoor recreation can substantially contribute to effective habitat reduction. Based on our results we recommend a general reduction in recreation infrastructure density in key habitats, the establishment of undisturbed wildlife refuges with a diameter of at least 800 m, as well as enhancing visual protection by maintaining a strip of dense understory along trails.

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“…It is now well established that tourism and recreation activities can threaten the survival of species of all taxa ( Figure 1). This impact can be simply caused by habitat modification (IUCN Red List threat 1.3, (Pickering & Hill, 2007;Rankin, Ballantyne, & Pickering, 2015)) but also by repeated exposure to disturbance and temporary habitat alteration (IUCN Red List threat 6.1, (Amo, López, & Martín, 2006;Ellenberg, Setiawan, Cree, Houston, & Seddon, 2007;Lusseau, Slooten, & Currey, 2006)). Tourism and recreation is a growing conservation threat and we now have close to 6000 species on the IUCN Red List threatened by these activities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Global Assessment of Tourism and Recreation Conservation Threats to Prioritise Interventions

Lusseau

Mancini

2018

SSRN Journal

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We are increasingly using nature for tourism and recreation, an economic sector now generating more than 10% of the global GDP and 10% of global total employment. This growth though has come at a cost and we now have 5930 species for which tourism and recreation are conservation threats. For the first time we use global social media data to estimate where people go to experience nature and determine how this tourism and recreation pressure overlap with the distribution of threatened species. The more people seek interactions with nature in an area, the larger the number of species threatened by those interactions is. Clear crisis areas emerge where many species sensitive to tourism are exposed to high tourism pressures and those are mainly coastal marine regions. Our current tourism management approaches are not achieving biodiversity conservation. The global increase in nature tourism and recreation is set to continue and we need a global consistent response to mitigate its biodiversity impact. Like with other extractive industries, we must prioritise our efforts to diverge tourism away from crisis areas.

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Tourism and recreation listed as a threat for a wide diversity of vascular plants: A continental scale review

Cited by 32 publications

References 33 publications

Quantifying anthropogenic threats to orchids using the IUCN Red List

Quantifying anthropogenic threats to orchids using the IUCN Red List

Outdoor recreation causes effective habitat reduction in capercaillie Tetrao urogallus: a major threat for geographically restricted populations

A Global Assessment of Tourism and Recreation Conservation Threats to Prioritise Interventions

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